资本深化、产业结构与中国城市劳动生产率

提高城市化质量和劳动产出效率是中国未来经济发展的必然选择。然而目前关于城市劳动生产率的研究大多是基于发达国家城市化平稳期假定做出的,这与中国当前发展情境不符。本文在城市产出总量函数中引入了资本存量和产业结构变量,考察快速城市化时期的资本存量、劳动投入、产业结构和城市规模等关键经济变量对城市劳动生产率的影响。基于中国1995—2010年地级以上城市市辖区数据,本文发现:劳均资本存量、产业结构和城市规模等因素对中国城市劳动生产率的提升有显著作用,并且呈现阶段性和趋势性特征。总体上看,资本深化的作用最大但呈缓慢下降态势,产业结构和城市规模的作用为正且呈"倒U型"变动,而人口集聚呈"规模报酬递增",要素投入呈"规模报酬递减"现象。

Capital Deepening,Industry Structure and Labor Productivity in Chinese Cities

Improving the quality of urbanization and the labor output efficiency is the inevitable choice of China future economy.However,current researches about city labor productivity are mostly carried out by the assumption of basing period in developed country,which aren’t consistent with China current development period.This article introduces capital stock and industry structure in aggregate function of city output to investigate the influence of city labor capital stock,labor input,industry structure and city scale on city labor productivity.Based on 1995—2010 China mutual ground and above city dataset,we find that capital stock per labor,industry structure and city scale have a significant effect on the promotion of labor productivity,which embodies the attributes of periodicity and trend.In general,capital deepening has the most effect on the promotion of labor productivity which drops steadily,the effect of industry structure and city scale is positive which presents as an inverted U sharp,however,there exists the phenomenon of increasing returns to scale in population agglomeration and decreasing returns to scale of inputs.