浅谈事故树在铁路调车脱轨事故分析中的应用

为降低铁路调车脱轨事故的发生概率,通过搜集汇总常见的调车脱轨事故案例,归类分析查找事故致因。采用事故树分析法,对调车脱轨的影响因素进行结构建模。利用布尔代数原理对事故树结构函数式进行化简,求出事故树的最小割集和最小径集,对影响因素进行结构重要度分析,得出影响调车脱轨事故的关键因素。最后,结合最小割集和最小径集的组成事件及其关联程度,分析制定预防调车脱轨事故的主要措施,即吸取典型事故教训、强化设备"用、管、修"制度执行、严格执行调车作业标准、做好调车脱轨事故应急处置,为铁路调车安全管理和决策提供参考依据。

Application of Fault Tree in Analysis of Derailment Accident of Railway Shunting

To reduce the probability of derailment accidents of railway shunting, the cases of shunting derailment accidents were collected and summarized, and the causes of the accident were classified and analyzed. Fault tree analysis(FTA) was used to establish the structural model of the factors influencing shunting derailment. The minimum cut set and the minimum path set of the fault tree were obtained through simplifying the structure function of the fault tree adopting the principle of Bourg Algebra. The key factors affecting the shunting derailment accident were derived by analyzing the structural importance of the influencing factors. Finally, considering the component events of minimum cut set and minimum path set and their correlation degree, the main measures were analyzed and formulated to prevent shunting derailment accidents and provide reference for safety management and decision-making of railway shunting, including learning from typical accidents, strengthening the implementation of the equipment regulations of "utilization, management, and repair", strictly following shunting operating standards, and properly handling the emergency of shunting derailment accidents.