美国海洋研究优先计划

海洋对人类有着重要的作用。作为科技发达国家,2007年美国首次制定了海洋研究优先计划,2010年奥巴马签署总统令,制定了美国历史上第一个国家海洋政策,2013年美国修订了先前的计划出台了升级版的海洋研究优先计划,以进一步推动对海洋的科学研究。美国海洋研究优先计划列出了六大社会主题:海洋自然资源与文化资源管理,提高自然灾害和环境灾害的恢复力,海洋运输业务活动及海洋环境,海洋在气候变化中的角色,改善生态系统健康以及海洋与人类健康的关系等。在海洋研究中,有些课题横跨六大社会主题,跨领域的主要课题有全球气候变化、社会科学和海洋文化等。通过对美国海洋优先计划的介绍,以期对我国推动海洋科学发展有所借鉴。

Ocean Research Priorities Plan of the US

Ocean plays a central role in the well-being of humans. As a science and technology power, the US made the Ocean Research Priorities Plan in 2007. In 2010, Obama Administration issued its first national marine policy, then in 2013 the US released “Science for an Ocean Nation： An Update of the Ocean Research Priorities Plan” with the aim of promoting ocean science and research. The plan listed six ocean research topics： management on the ocean natural and cultural resources, improving the resilience of natural and environmental disaster, ocean transportation operation and ocean environment, role of ocean in the climate change, promoting ecosystem health as well as the relation between ocean and human health, etc. This article analyzes the background of the plan, describes the research priorities, societal themes and cross-cutting topics, and makes a study on the progress of ocean research in the US.