中国自来水行业的产业组织分析

本文以产业组织理论中哈佛学派的SCP范式为基本分析框架,考察我国自来水行业产业组织状况,认为自来水行业的自然垄断的基本特征——规模经济性已被现行的管制体制人为破坏,从而导致产业规模偏小,进入和退出壁垒过高,技术落后,经营低效和低利润率等弊病。并从重新界定政府职能、引导投资多元化、业务垂直分离和跨区域竞争等方面提出了促进有效竞争,提高自来水行业生产效率的改革思路和发展方向。

Analysis of Industrial Organization in Tap Water Industry in China

Taking the SCP mode of Harvard school concerning industrial organization theory as the analytical frame,this paper sur-veys the industrial organization status in tap water industry in China.It argues that the basic feature of natural monopoly in tap water industry-scale economy-has been ruined by current management system and therefore there are such maladies as low-scaled indus-trial scale,too high barriers for entry and exit,backward technologies,low profit rate,and low efficiency in management.Then the paper points out the reform ideas and development direction to encourage effective competition and promote productivity in tap water industry,that is,to re-define government role,to multiply investment,to vertically separate business operations and encourage re-gional competition.