茶农生计资本、风险感知及其生计策略关系分析

以DFID模型为理论基础,引入茶农风险感知,构建茶农可持续生计分析框架,运用福建4个茶叶主产区228份茶农数据进行实证分析。结果表明:生计资本是影响茶农生计策略选择的核心要素,其中自然资本对其生计策略选择的影响最大,其次是物质资本和金融资本;而茶农风险感知对其生计策略选择有重要影响,其中自然风险和市场价格波动风险对其影响最大。生计资本、风险感知以及生计策略等对茶农生计结果具有一定影响。

Analysis of the Relationship among Tea Farmers’ Livelihood Capital,Risk Perception and Livelihood Strategies

⑴ Background——At present,the research on the livelihood of peasants mainly focuses on the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood strategies,the influencing factors of livelihood strategies and livelihood transformation,etc..Few studies integrate risk perception into livelihood capital,livelihood strategies and livelihood outcome model.However,risk perception is an important factor affecting farmers' choice of livelihood strategies.⑵ Methods——The survey was conducted in a one-to-one manner,interviewing tea peasants face to face.A total of 240 questionnaires were issued and 228 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 95%.This paper established an evolved theoretical framework by introducing risk perception into DFID Model,and then made an empirical analysis of sustainable livelihood for tea peasants based on the data of 228 tea peasants from Anxi county,Yongchun county,Huaan county and Datian county in Fujian province.⑶ Results——The cultural level of tea farmers in the samples is not high.From the perspective of the respondents' labor ability,it mainly focuses on the complete labor ability,indicating that the respondents selected in the sample are the main labor force of the tea households with a certain right of discourse,and have a better understanding of the overall situation of the households.The tea plantation area owned by surveyed tea farmers is small.From the perspective of combination selection of livelihood strategies,it mainly focuses on tea planting and tea planting + working,indicating that tea planting is the main livelihood strategy for tea farmers in the sample.The selection modes of livelihood strategy combination of tea farmers can be divided into:tea planting mode,tea planting+working mode,tea planting+business mode,tea planting+working+business mode.Natural,material,financial and social capital are the core factors influencing tea farmers to choose tea production and processing as their livelihood strategy.Natural,material and financial capital are the core factors influencing tea farmers to choose tea planting+working mode as their livelihood strategy.Material and financial capital are the core factors influencing tea farmers to choose tea planting+business mode as their livelihood strategy.The risk sensitivity of tea farmers in the mode of tea planting+working is the strongest.The overall labor capacity of the family,land quality of the tea garden,value of tea making equipment,amount of loan and whether to join the cooperative have a significant impact on the livelihood results of the tea farmersFinally,the research found that livelihood capital,risk perception and livelihood strategies had a certain influence on the life of tea farmers.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The following five conclusions are obtained.First,we should promote the circulation and transformation of tea gardens to enhance the natural capital of major tea producers.Second,the government should increase the direct support for tea peasants and improve their material capital level.Third,we should actively promote inclusive finance to the countryside to promote the availability of financial capital for tea farmers.Fourth,we should actively promote the training of new peasants,improve the construction of new rural social relations network such as tea cooperatives,and enhance the human capital and social capital of tea households.Fifth,we should speed up the construction of rural information infrastructure.