数字贸易强国:概念理解、指标构建与潜力研判

“贸易强国战略”是中国“十三五”以来的重要国家战略。在数字经济时代,传统的外贸竞争优势已难以适应时代发展要求,有必要研究贸易强国在数字经济时代的评价标准。本文从宏观、中观和微观角度提出数字贸易强国的定义,建立数字贸易强国发展潜力评价指标体系并对59个主要国家进行评价。美国、中国、日本、德国和英国是潜在的数字贸易强国。美国是“全能型潜在数字贸易强国”,中国是“高潜力型数字贸易强国”,日本和德国是“制造业数字化驱动型潜在数字贸易强国”,英国是“服务业数字化驱动型潜在数字贸易强国”。中国的数字化市场指数在5个国家中排名第一,贸易潜力指数表现相对良好,然而数字贸易结构还有待优化,数字贸易环境还有较大的改善空间。

The preliminary reflection on the promotion of industry-university collaborative organization construction by science and technology associations based on the practice of "Innovation China"

In order to explore the development status, operation mechanism and optimization direction of the industry-university collaborative organization initiated by the science and technology associations represented by national societies of sciences, which effectively links the parties of industry and university and promotes the deep integration of science and technology and economy, this paper classifies and analyzes the industry-university collaborative organizations established by science and technology associations based on the service demands of the pilot cities (parks) of "Innovation China" from the aspects of core elements, basic features, main functions, operation mechanism and service achievements. The results show that the industry-university collaborative organization of science and technology associations plays a positive role in promoting the organic integration of industry and university, and promoting the construction of long-term service mechanism. "Innovation China" science and technology service group is a loose and open primary organization form of industry-university collaborative organization, and puts forward some suggestions on the optimization of industry-university collaborative organization.