要素结构变动、制度环境与旅游经济高质量发展

文章在对旅游经济发展质量的内涵构成、影响因素进行文献梳理的基础上,从行动资源与保障机制两个视角构建了旅游经济高质量发展的行动逻辑框架,并对要素结构变动、制度环境及二者交互作用促进旅游经济高质量发展的机理进行了分析。基于效率、结构和环境3个维度构建并测算了旅游经济发展质量指标,运用2003-2016年省际面板数据对理论分析进行了实证检验。结果表明:(1)要素结构变动、制度环境分别是旅游经济发展质量提升的行动资源、保障机制;(2)代表要素结构变动的资本劳动投入比对中、东部地区旅游经济发展质量的正向作用显著,对西部地区的作用不显著,而景区禀赋对中、西部地区的作用显著,对东部地区作用不显著;(3)制度环境对旅游经济发展质量总体上具有正向促进作用,对中、东部地区作用显著,对西部地区的作用尚不显著;(4)制度环境能够调节要素结构变动的作用方向及程度,二者交互形成集成动力对各地区旅游经济发展质量均产生正向作用。针对上述结论,文章从基于供给侧结构性改革推动要素结构升级、制度创新等视角提出了促进旅游经济高质量发展的相关建议。

Factor Structure,Institutional Environment and High-quality Development of the Tourism Economy in China

According to the new economic growth theory,qualitative improvement of economic development is a comprehensive process:it involves promoting production efficiency,product quality,and industrial structure as well as optimizing the ecological environment by means of technology and management innovation with the support of factor endowment and the institutional environment.To stimulate high-quality development of the tourism economy in China,it is necessary to adhere to economic laws while respecting social and natural laws;it is necessary to seek ongoing promotion of quality on the basis of quantity.It is important to focus on the pursuit of sustainable,balanced growth;however,it is also necessary to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of tourism economic development with respect to economic efficiency,industrial structure,and environmental quality.Factor structure is an action resource for economic development.Only with particular factor structure conditions is it possible to achieve economic development.Changes in factor structure play a key role in improving the quality of tourism economic development.The new institutional economics brings institutional factors into the analytic framework for economic growth;with that approach,the system is considered an endogenous variable that affects economic development.The present paper conducted a literature review regarding the connotations and influencing factors of the quality of tourism economic development in China;it then constructed an action logic framework for the highquality development of the tourism economy from the perspectives of action resources and safeguard mechanisms.A theoretical analysis was conducted on how factor structure change,the institutional environment,and their interaction promote high-quality development of the tourism economy.This study constructed and measured the quality indicators of tourism economic development in terms of three dimensions:efficiency,structure,and environment.An empirical test was carried out using inter-provincial panel data for 2003-2016.The following results were obtained.Upgrading factor structure had a positive effect on China’s central and eastern regions;the effect on the western region was not significant.Enhancing scenic endowments had a significant effect on the central and western regions;the effect on the eastern region was not significant.The institutional environment was optimized for the central and eastern regions.The role was significant,and the effect on the western region was not significant.The interaction between the indicators and the institutional environment had a significant positive effect on each region.The above findings were valid using both a static panel data model and a dynamic panel data model for metrological analysis.In light of these findings,this paper advances policy suggestions to promote high-quality development of the tourism economy.First,it is necessary to develop a system to promote both the upgrading of factor structure and optimization of the institutional environment through technological,management,and policy innovation.Second,the practical requirements of tourism economic efficiency,industrial structure,and environmental quality as well as the local conditions in each region should be used to promote the action resource role in upgrading factor structure.Third,it is necessary to underline the role of institutional innovation in ensuring and regulating the quality of tourism economic development.It is important to promote supply-side structural reform,create institutional dividends,and adjust the direction and extent of changes in factor structure.To promote high-quality development of the tourism economy(especially in China’s central and western regions),it is necessary to make great efforts to stimulate technological and service innovation through institutional innovation.