基于地方实践的旅游发展与乡村振兴:逻辑与案例

我国长期以来存在城乡发展不均衡和乡村发展不充分的问题。新时代背景下",乡村振兴"战略直面乡村社会发展困境,以乡村的多维发展重塑合理的新型城乡关系。文章基于对旅游发展推动乡村振兴内在逻辑的探讨,借助傣族园村寨、双廊村、天龙村、落水村和明月村等多案例研究,具体分析旅游推动乡村在不同维度上的振兴实践,研究认为:旅游发展为乡土空间重聚发展主体,将各类经济生产要素注入乡村,实现乡村在经济层面的产业结构多元化和空间多功能化,文化层面的物质文化保存与修复和精神文化的调适与再造,治理层面的内生自组织治理优化和网络治理的构建与深化,有效缓解甚至逆转乡村多重危机;同时,旅游发展在推动乡村各层面发展的过程中释放乡村居民的自主性,构建地方和外部力量的互动场域,共同推动乡村实现"新内生性发展"和持续振兴。研究有助于进一步理解旅游发展与乡村振兴的多元内在关系,为我国乡村地区尤其是西部地区的乡村振兴和贫困消除提供指导。

Tourism Development and Rural Revitalization Based on Local Experiences:Logic and Cases

The development principle of"Urban Centralism"has,for a relatively long time,dominated China s concentrated resources allocation in cities,rural labors immigration to cities as well as the passive development state of rural areas dependence on cities,resulting in long-term imbalanced urbanrural development and insufficient rural development in China.In the context of the new era,"the Strategy of Rural Revitalization"aiming at achieving"Industrial Prosperity,Ecological Livability,Rural Civilization,Effective Governance,and Affluent Life"directly targets the problem of rural social development and returns the discourse of national development to the village itself in order to reshape a new reasonable type of urban-rural relationship.Current academic and industrial communities have conducted abundant discussions on the development path and the operating mode of rural revitalization based on the fact that tourism industry has significant improvement effects on rural areas,especially poor and remote areas.The driving effect and the uniqueness of this industry have become the focus of rural revitalization,but its practical process and development path are still discussed insufficiently.Given the extant researches are still lack of systematic discussion concerning how tourism realizes the internal logic of rural revitalization,this study primarily concentrates on typical tourism villages in the southwest China including but not limited to the Dai Park,Shuanglang Village,Tianlong Village,Luoshui Village and Mingyue Village to specifically analyze the promotion of rural revitalization in diverse dimensions.The study finds that tourism development serves as the driving force of the reunification of rural space,injecting various economic production factors into the countryside and realizing the diversification of rural industrial structure and the multi-functionalization of space at the economic level,launching the preservation and restoration of material culture along with the adaptation and reconstruction of spiritual culture at the cultural level,and also optimizing a endogenous selforganized governance at the governance level,and deepening the construction of networked governance,effectively alleviating or even solving multiple crises in the countryside.At the same time,tourism development aims to release the autonomy of rural residents in the process of promoting the countryside development of all levels.Also,an interactive field of local and external forces is established to jointly promote the"New Endogenous Development"and sustainable revitalization of the countryside.This study conducts a systematic analysis of tourism s role in revitalizing the countryside,which helps to further understand the multiple and underlying relation between tourism development and rural revitalization.It further provides guidance for the rural revitalization and poverty alleviation of the Chinese rural areas,especially those in western regions.