日本能源政策演变及其对我国的启示

为提高能源自给率，保障国内能源安全，经过不断调整和完善，日本已经形成了常规化石能源的供给保障与节能、新能源、低碳减排并行的多元化能源政策体系。同为能源消费大国，日本大幅降低石油对外依存度的经验以及发展新能源和低碳减排的教训，值得我国学习借鉴，从中可以得到以下启示：在确立能源战略时，要具有明确的指导思想；与主要油气出口国开展能源外交要作为政府工作的重中之重；同时要充分重视经济成本效益分析，发挥政府、市场和企业各自不同的作用，形成合力，共同推进经济、环境、能源的和谐发展。

Japan’s energy policy reform and lessons for China

Japan has improved energy self-sufficiency and domestic energy security by incrementally introducing a policy of energy diversification that concurrently adopts supply guarantees for conventional fossil energies,energy conservation,new energies,and carbon emission reduction.Japan’s experience in reducing dependence on imported oil,and low efficiency in developing new energies and carbon emission reduction provides valuable lessons for corresponding practices in China.The following lessons stand out:definite guidelines are a must in establishing energy strategy;energy diplomacy with major oil and gas exporters should be a top priority for government;rigorously analyzed economic cost-benefit needs to be a central consideration;government,market and enterprises in their different roles should through concerted effort jointly promote harmonious development of the economy and environment through energy.