行业间工资差异和垄断租金分享

以产业门类为基准测算的中国行业间工资差异明显且自1988年以来呈现逐步上升趋势，随着产业细分，行业间工资差异进一步提高。对劳动市场工资决定的理论分析表明，行业间工资差异主要源于各行业就业人员的人力资本差异和可能的垄断租金分享。实证研究中发现，就业人员性别、年龄和教育等就业人员特征只能解释行业平均报酬变差系数的60％左右，其余部分源于垄断行业的租金分享。其中，技术／知识型市场垄断行业租金分享比例不高，但非竞争性垄断行业普遍获得了超额报酬，约占其行业高工资的50％以上。后者超额报酬和超水平高福利主要源于相关行业无偿或低成本的自然资源占用和国有资产经营、攫取消费者福利、成本膨胀亏损的财政或社会公众补贴，因此要从其垄断机理和初次分配制度上改革以建立公平收入分配秩序。

Monopoly Rent Sharing and Inter-industry Wage Differentials in China

Inter-industry wage differentials among average earning of employment of 1 digit industries in Chinese urban units is great and has gradually enlarged since 1988.The Coefficient of Variables measuring inter-industry average earning differentials is greater along with industry subsection.Inter-industry wage differentials is attributed to human capital variation and monopoly rent sharing based on wage determination of labor market theory.The paper finds employment's characters such as sex,age and education can only explain 60 percent of CVs of 2003 to 2004 and the rest may be the effect of monopoly rent sharing of a few industries.The residual analysis of wage equation proved that monopoly industries of technology or knowledge share a little of their rents with employment.But,monopoly industries formed non-competition mechanism share a lot of their industries' rents,much as a half of their higher earnings than total industries' average,which are mainly created from lowly cost natural resource holding and state-owned assets,snatching consumer welfare and fiscal or social subsidy for their cost inflating.So,China should deal with monopoly industries of non-competition from its monopoly power and primary social distribution mechanism to construct an impartial distribution order.