欧盟科研计划体制的创新之举：欧盟联合技术行动——欧盟在重大科技专项中首次引入私人资金

欧盟在2007年实施第七研发框架计划中推出了联合技术行动，即政府重大科技专项由公共资金与私人资金共同参与来完成。联合技术行动类似我国的科技重大专项，目前已推出6大项目，涉及燃料电池、创新药物、航空、纳米、信息技术、环境与安全监测等有利于欧盟长远发展的战略领域。联合技术行动通过成立一个独立的法人实体来具体运作，采用公私合伙形式，运行时间为10年。主要特点是：战略重要性与可实施性；存在市场缺位；能产生欧盟附加值；产业界的长期支持；现有欧盟研发体制不能覆盖。联合技术行动的投入方式、运作体制等值得我们借鉴。

Joint Technology Initiatives: a Major Innovative Mechanism of EU Framework Programme

The Joint Technology Initiatives （JTIs） , accounting for 1.5%-4% EU research fund, is a major new element of the Seventh Framework Programme （FP7） implemented in 2007. Research shows that JTIs are legal entities which are proposed as a new way of realizing public-private partnerships in a relevant industrial research and development field at European level. The analysis is conducted that the selection of JTIs involves applying successively a series of criteria： strategic importance and presence of a clear deliverability; existence of market failure; Community value added; substantial, long-term industry commitment; inadequacy of existing Com- munity instruments. Now the six areas are identified as JTIs, including fuel cells and hydrogen （FCH） , aeronau- tics and air transport, innovative medicines （IMI） , nanoelectronics, embedded computing systems, and global monitoring for environment and security.