政府管制、土地违法与土地财政

研究目的:分析政府管制、土地违法与土地财政之间的影响机理,为理解和应对土地财政问题提供重要参考。研究方法:面板数据联立方程组模型。研究结果:政府管制对土地违法、土地财政具有重要影响,土地财政与土地违法两者间存在显著的相互影响机制。研究结论:政府对农转非的产权管制本身并不直接产生土地财政,只是为地方政府获取土地财政提供了权利依据。政府对农转非、土地出让环节的价格管制,以及主导收益分配是形成土地财政的根源。为了追逐土地财政收入,地方政府有显著的土地违法冲动,但考虑土地违法查处的风险,土地违法并不必然带来土地财政收入的增加。

Government Regulation, Land Laws Violation and Land Finance

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship among the government regulation, land laws violation and land finance and to verify the mechanism of land finance formation. The method of simultaneous equations based on 30 provinces panel data was employed. The results showed that: the governments regulate the farmland conversion, the right of which cannot directly create the revenue itself but serves as the base of the land finance. In revenue disposition mechanism, the governments in a dominant position can formulate the policies and decide the allocation arrangement. Therefore, the underlying reason of the land finance is the revenue disposition mechanism led by the governments. As illegal land use creates the land revenue and hidden income for the governments, the local governments have great incentives to directly take part in this process and thus to disturb the regular order of the land transfer. But considering the risk of illegal land investigation, land laws violation does not directly lead to an increase in land revenue.