对外开放程度度量方法的研究综述

从贸易方面度量开放程度的指标有外贸依存度、关税率、有效保护率和数量限制平均覆盖率、非关税壁垒覆盖率、价格扭曲度等。从金融角度来研究开放的指标有外汇黑市溢价、本国对外投资和吸收外资的流量、存量、增长率以及它们占GDP的比重等。有些学者运用计量方法测算选定指标的理论预测值,通过比较实际值与理论预测值的差异来度量开放程度。国内学者一般选择3至6个分指标的加权平均值来度量我国经济的对外开放程度。

The Measurement of Openness to the Outside World and Its Application in China

From the view of trade, the measurement indexes of openness include trade dependency ratios, tariff ratios, effective rates of protection, average coverage of quantitative restrictions, average coverage of non tariff barriers, price distort and so on. From the view of finance, the involved measurement indexes include black market premium, the flow, stock, growth rate and ratio to GDP of FDI from the domestic country and to the foreign countries. Through econometric methods, some economists estimate the theoretic predicted value of some chosen indexes, then compare them with the true value and use their difference to measure the openness. Generally the domestic economists use the weighted average value of 3-6 sub-indexes to measure the openness of our country.