农村专业合作组织效率评估及其影响因素研究以山西省原平市为例

目的 农村专业合作组织是推动乡村振兴战略有效落地的重要组织保障之一，探究其效率及影响因素有助于促进新时期农村专业合作组织高质量发展与乡村产业兴旺。方法 文章以传统农区山西省原平市为例，采用Bootstrap-DEA模型评估了126家样本农村专业合作组织效率，并在此基础上结合多元线性回归模型对农村专业合作组织效率的影响因素进行分析。结果 （1）样本农村专业合作组织的经营管理水平整体较高，但仍存在投入冗余的情况，影响农村专业合作组织效率的主要制约因素在于纯技术效率；（2）粮食类合作组织整体效率相较其他两类合作组织差距较为明显，在内部管理方式、资源利用能力、新技术运用等方面问题突出；（3）增强合作组织的人力资本积累和电子商务竞争力是提升合作组织效率的关键，此外，土地细碎化会引发规模不经济，不利于农业生产技术效率改善。结论 要改进传统农区农村专业合作组织效率，建议健全其内部管理运营机制，加强农业技术引进、推广，全面联合、优化粮食类农村专业合作组织，加大对合作组织成员培训的投入力度，深入推进数字乡村发展战略，积极引导农户参与合理高效的土地流转。

EFFICIENCY EVALUATION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF RURAL SPECIALIZED COOPERATIVESTAKING YUANPING CITY, SHANXI AS A CASE STUDY

Rural specialized cooperatives are one of the important organizational guarantees to promote the effective implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. Exploring their efficiency and influencing factors will help promote the high-quality development of rural specialized cooperatives and thriving businesses in the new era.Taking Yuanping city, a traditional agricultural area in China, as an example, this study evaluated the efficiency of 126 samples of rural specialized cooperatives by Bootstrap-DEA model and then analyzed the influencing factors of the efficiency of rural specialized cooperatives by applying a multivariable linear regression model.The findings were listed as follows. (1) The management level of the sample rural specialized cooperatives was relatively high overall, but there was still input redundancy and the main constraint factor affecting the efficiency of rural specialized cooperatives lied in pure technical efficiency.(2) Comparing with the other two types of cooperatives, the efficiency of food cooperatives was obviously lower, and there were obvious problems in internal supervisor mode, resource utilization ability, and new technology application. (3) Enhancing the human capital accumulation and e-commerce competitiveness of cooperatives was the key factor to improve the efficiency of cooperatives. In addition, land fragmentation would bring diseconomies of scale, which was not conducive to improving the technical efficiency of agricultural production.To improve the efficiency of rural specialized cooperatives in the traditional agricultural areas, it should improve its internal management and operation mechanism, strengthen the introduction and promotion of agricultural technology, comprehensively unite and optimize the food cooperatives, increase investment in training of cooperatives members, and further promote digital rural development strategy, actively guide farmers to participate in rational and efficient land transfer.