开放式创新视角下制造型跨国企业产品高端化路径研究：来自安徽中鼎的探索性案例分析

制造型跨国企业产品如何嵌入全球价值链并走向高端化，是学术界和管理界重点关注的话题。基于开放式创新知识管理和技术转移视角，将安徽中鼎密封件股份有限公司近40年的技术创新历程划分为3个阶段，并从8个维度剖析内向型开放式创新和双向型开放式创新内涵，构建“低端产品—内向型开放式创新—技术学习吸收与整合—双向型开放式创新—技术集成与协同创新—产品高端化”路径模型。结果发现，安徽中鼎公司经历了以组织流、资源流、知识流和技术流为主要构成要素的内向型开放式创新阶段，将外部技术创新资源进行吸收和整合，初步促进产品质量提升，然后通过与高校、科研院所合作，与海外研发中心共同研究，并与行业协会信息共享的双向型开放式创新，进行更高层次的技术集成和协同创新，最终实现产品高端化发展。结论可为我国制造型跨国企业通过开放式创新实现产品高端升级提供借鉴和参考。

Research on the Path of Manufacturing Multinational Enterprises Product High-End from the Perspective of Open Innovation:based on the Exploratory Case Study of Anhui Zhong Ding

How to embed the products of manufacturing multinational enterprises into the global value chain and move toward high-end has always been the focus of the academic and management circles.Based on the perspective of open innovation knowledge management and technology transfer, this paper divides the technological innovation process of Anhui Zhong Ding company in the past 40 years into three stages, analyzes the connotation of introverted open innovation and two-way open innovation from eight dimensions, and construct the general path model of "low-end product-introverted open innovation-technology learning, absorption and integration-two-way open innovation-technology integration and collaborative innovation-high-end product".It is found that Anhui Zhong Ding company has experienced an introverted and open innovation stage with organization flow, resource flow, knowledge flow and technology flow as the main components, and learned, absorbed and integrated external technological innovation resources to initially promote the improvement of product quality, and then through the two-way open innovation of cooperation with universities and research institutes, joint research with overseas R&D centers and information sharing with industry associations, and finally realize the basic path of high-end product development.The conclusion of this study can provide some reference for China's manufacturing multinational enterprises to realize high-end product upgrading through open innovation.