牢牢抓住建设智慧农业的时代主题

目的 当前,以信息技术和生物技术为特征的新一轮农业科技革命正在孕育大的突破,信息化进入到大数据发展的新阶段,并与农业农村现代化形成了历史性交汇。通过界定智慧农业及相关重要概念,探索大数据、物联网、人工智能等现代信息技术在农业生产各环节、各领域的创新应用。方法 文章对建设智慧农业的技术演进、现实需求、发展趋势进行研究,将文献、统计数据、调研案例分析结果相结合,提出智慧农业建设和数字乡村发展路径。结果 建设智慧农业是技术进步的必然产物,是乡村振兴的应势而为,数字技术正在破解“谁来种地、怎么种地”的问题,改变“面朝黄土背朝天”的劳作方式,让“知天而作”的智慧农业逐步变为现实。结论 要着力建设数据资源体系,以企业为主体、多方协同开展科技攻关,探索应用场景,加强数字技术在农业农村各行业各领域的集成应用,聚焦重点品种、重点地区、重点领域和重点方向抓好试点示范,支撑中国走出一条不同于欧美发达国家大规模大机械的农业现代化道路。

STUDY ON BUILDING SMART AGRICULTURE

Currently, a new round of agricultural scientific and technological revolution characterized by information technology and biotechnology is incubated with big breakthroughs. Informatization has progressed into a new development era of big data, and formed a historic integration with agricultural and rural modernization. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the innovative application of modern information technologies such as big data, internet of things and artificial intelligence in various processes and fields of agricultural production by defining smart agriculture and the related important concepts. The technological evolution, practical demand and development trend of smart agriculture were analyzed through integrating literature review, statistical data and case studies, and the future development paths of smart agriculture and digital village were also suggested. The construction of smart agriculture was an inevitable outcome of technological progress and a response to the strategy of rural revitalization. Digital technology answered the question of "who farmed the land and how to farm the land", changing the farming style of "facing the soil with the back to the sky", and gradually realizing a smart agriculture production system with characteristics of "knowing the nature and doing the right things". Therefore, the future developments should focus on building data resources system; tackling key problems in science and technology and exploring creative application scenarios mainly based on enterprises together with other institutions; strengthening the practical application of digital technology in agriculture and rural areas; demonstrating the integrated application of technologies in key varieties, key areas, key fields and key directions; so as to develop an agricultural modernization system with China''s characteristics, which may be different with the large-scale machinery systems in Europe and America.