我国粮食安全的经济与生态合理性研究

1978年开始的农村经济改革改变了我国粮食长期匮乏的局面,并实现了自给有余。但长期追求较高的粮食自给率,又使我国农业资源要素供给从充裕转向短缺,粮食供给从不足转向过剩,生态环境不断恶化。在经济全球化背景下,面对我国的经济和资源环境状况,固守以粮食大量生产和储备来保证粮食安全的传统观念既不具有经济合理性,也不具有生态安全性。保障我国粮食安全应立足于提高国内农业综合生产能力,适当降低粮食自给率,对粮食的生产能力进行储备,利用国际粮食市场调剂余缺,以最低的经济成本、最小的环境代价保证粮食安全。

On the Study of the Economic and the Ecological rationality of the Grain Security in China

The rural economic reform that began in 1978 not only has changed the situation that the grain of our country is defi cient for a long time,but also has realized self-sufficiency. However,because of pursuing higher degree of self-sufficiency of grain for a long time,she has made the supply of agricultural resource element turn from abundant to short,and the grain supply from enough to surplus,meanwhile the ecological environment in our country has worsened. Under the economic globalization background and in the face of the state of the economy and environmental resource in our country,if we still the traditional idea of producing and storing grains in a large amount to guarantee the grain security,it is neither economic nor ecological. To ensure the grain security of our country,we should base on improving the comprehensive capacity of our agricultural production,properly reduce the degree of self-sufficiency,and store the production capacity of the grain. Meanwhile we can also utilize the international grain market to adjust the surplus and defi ciency,so we can guarantee the grain security with the lowest economic cost and the minimum environmental cost.