四川大熊猫保护地及周边社区自然资源利用方式及影响因素研究

基于社区调研数据,从农户行为视角构建计量模型分析大熊猫保护地及周边社区自然资源利用方式及影响社区农户自然资源利用方式的主要因素。结果表明:大熊猫保护地周边社区主要的自然资源利用方式有割竹打笋、采集药材野菜等非木质林产品、砍伐木材或薪柴、进山放牧、垦荒耕种等;社区农户利用自然资源获取的收入占家庭总收入比例仍居于较高水平,其中所占比例最高的是牧业收入,其次是林业收入(包括售卖野菜、药材、竹笋等非木质林产品);户主年龄较大和教育程度较低的农户更倾向于采集薪柴、放牧和打笋等原始的自然资源利用方式;家庭人口多的农户薪柴需求量较大;居住地海拔较高的农户更倾向于采药和放牧;家庭耕地面积较多的农户采集林产品相对较少。因此,提出了科学控制资源利用方式和规模、发展新能源、引导原住民外移、增加就业机会等相关建议。

Analysis on the Utilization Mode and Influencing Factors of Natural Resources in Sichuan Giant Panda Reserve and Its Surrounding Communities

⑴Background——The panda reserve is located in the important water collecting and impounding area in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River.And the panda reserve is rich in forest and species resources.Due to the interference of human economic activities such as resource development,the habitats of pandas are seriously fragmented and the ecosystem balance is threatened.It is of great theoretical and practical significance for the effective management of giant panda reserves to analyze the utilization mode of natural resources and its main influencing factors.⑵Methods——In this study,1200 farmers are selected from 20 typical counties with highly dense distribution of pandas in Sichuan Province for household survey.Based on the field survey data,the main ways of community farmers,who use the natural resources of the giant panda reserve are classified and sorted,and then the change trend is analyzed.Based on this,Probit and Tobit models are constructed to analyze the main factors affecting the natural resource utilization of community farmers from three aspects:The individual characteristics of the head of household,the family characteristics of farmers and the residence characteristics of farmers.⑶Results——⑴The main natural resource utilization modes of the communities surrounding the panda reserves include cutting and shooting bamboo,collecting non-wood forest products such as medicinal herbs and wild vegetables,cutting wood or firewood,grazing in the mountains,reclamation and cultivation,etc.,which seriously disturb the habitat of the pandas.⑵The proportion of the income that the community farmers get from the use of natural resources to the total income of the family is still at a high level,of which the highest proportion is the income from animal husbandry,accounting for 38.31%of the total income of the family,followed by the income from forestry,which accounts for 24.68%,including the sale of non-wood forest products such as wild vegetables,herbs,bamboo shoots,etc.⑶By analyzing the influencing factors of natural resource utilization of community farmers,it is found that older and less educated farmers are more inclined to collect firewood,graze and shoot.Secondly,the families with large population demand more firewood and higher living altitude are more inclined to collect medicine and graze.And farmers with more arable land in their families collect less forest products.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——The main natural resource utilization methods of the communities around the giant panda reserve include cutting bamboo and bamboo shoots,collecting non-wood forest products such as medicinal herbs and wild vegetables,cutting wood or fuel wood,grazing in the mountains,and reclamation and cultivation.The pressure caused by the disorderly use of panda habitat resources in the development of panda reserves and surrounding communities cannot be ignored.Therefore,it is suggested that the scale of resource utilization should be scientifically controlled and targeted Poverty Alleviation Policies should be used to develop green industries.It's also favorable to give full play to the role of social public welfare forest protection organizations as a bridge between producers and target consumers.In addition,the government can open restrictions on the settlement of towns and provide employment opportunities for the labor force moving out of the giant panda habitat and surrounding communities.New energy sources should be developed in giant panda reserves and surrounding communities in the form of government subsidies.