作为政府经济活动基础的公共物品理论:奥地利学派的反思

在奥地利学派经济学家看来,公共物品理论不足以作为政府生产的依据:首先,很多公共物品成功地得以在私人部门进行生产;其次,现实中政府提供的很多物品根本不符合经济学家对于公共物品的定义.因此以公共物品理论作为政府经济活动从而作为公共支出的基础,是不恰当的.他们还指出,公共物品的公共性和政府对公共物品的提供很多时候是由于公共部门垄断的结果,而且这种垄断还可能会妨碍发展排他技术的激励,从而进一步排除其他主体对公共物品的提供.奥地利学派对于公共物品理论的反思有助于人们重新认识政府经济活动的基础和范围.

The Theory of Public Goods as the Justification of Government's Economic Role: Reflection from Perspective of the Austrian School

From the perspective of the Austrian School,the theory of public goods is not proper as the justification of government's production: firstly,many public goods are successfully provided by private sectos;secondly,in reality,many products provided by the government don't accord with the definition of public goods.Besides,they state that the publicness of public goods and government's provision of public goods are the results of public sector's monopoly,and this kind of monopoly may hinder the stimulus for the development of exclusive technology and therefore exclude the provision of other entities.Austrian School's reflection of the theory of public goods will help people re-understand the justification and scope of government's economic activities.