信息化冲击、交易成本与企业TFP——基于国家智慧城市建设的自然实验

智慧城市建设一般伴随着城市信息化水平的“意外”提升。本文将中国2012年智慧城市试点建设作为信息化冲击的自然实验,构建了智慧城市建设影响企业全要素生产率(TFP)的交易成本理论分析框架。基于2003—2016年中国地级市和上市公司匹配面板数据,运用双重差分法(DID)、倾向得分匹配双重差分法(PSM-DID)和三重差分法(DDD)实证检验了智慧城市建设产生的信息化冲击对企业全要素生产率的影响及其机制。实证结论表明,智慧城市建设这一信息化冲击显著提升了企业全要素生产率。机制检验表明,信息化冲击通过降低企业交易成本,从而提高企业全要素生产率。进一步异质性检验表明,智慧城市建设产生的信息化冲击对资本密集度更高、规模更大企业的全要素生产率促进作用更加明显;相对于非国有企业,智慧城市建设产生的信息化冲击对国有企业产生了较大影响;相对于非交易行业,交易行业由于智慧城市建设导致的交易成本下降,企业全要素生产率提升更明显。

Informatization Impact,Transaction Cost and TFP of Enterprise—Natural Experiments Based on Chinese Smart City Construction

Empirical results show that the impact of information technology on smart city construction has significantly improved the TFP of enterprises,and a series of robustness tests have ensured the robustness of the conclusion.Mechanism inspection shows that the impact of informatization can improve the total factor productivity of enterprises by reducing transaction costs.Further heterogeneity test shows that the informatization of smart city construction has a greater impact on the TFP of enterprises with higher capital intensity and larger scale,on state-owned enterprises than on non-state-owned enterprises;compared with non-trading industries,the trading industry,thanks to the lower cost brought by smart city construction,sees bigger increase in TFP.