普惠政策、普惠理念与农村普惠保险发展——一个罗尔斯主义视角

作为促进金融公平的主要方式,农村普惠保险发展应基于对普惠理念的认识及配套普惠政策的支持,从形式普惠向实质公平转变。在罗尔斯主义视角下,普惠理念是发展普惠保险和制定普惠政策的价值前提,具有"最弱势群体利益最大化"的公平内涵。本文采用我国2008~2015年31个省区数据,运用动态面板广义矩(GMM)进行估计发现:具有普惠理念的普惠政策,能对农村普惠保险发展产生明显的促进作用;而不具有普惠理念的包容性保险发展,则对农村普惠保险发展促进作用不显著;农村平均低保标准对普惠保险发展也具有显著的促进作用。进一步研究发现,普惠政策开展的第一年对农村普惠保险发展的促进效果最为显著,但其效力会随时间而减弱,甚至呈抑制作用。故发展农村普惠保险,应重视普惠理念,聚焦弱势群体利益,制定适度刚性、易于监管的普惠政策,并适时做出调整、完善及改进。

Inclusive Policy,Inclusive Concept and the Development of Rural Inclusive Insurance:A Rawlesian Perspective

As a major way to promote financial equitableness,the development of rural inclusive insurance needs to be based on the understanding of the inclusive concept and the supportive inclusive policies,and thus change from being inclusive in formality to being inclusive in substance.From the Rawlesian Perspective,the inclusive concept is the prerequisite for the development of inclusive insurance and drafting of inclusive policies,and it has the equitable connotation of"interest maximization for the most disadvantaged group".Based on the data of 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2015,this paper used differential GMM and found that the inclusive policy with inclusive concept could significantly promote the development of rural inclusive insurance,but inclusive policy without inclusive concept had insignificant effect.Moreover,the rural average minimum income standard could also promote the development of inclusive insurance.Further research showed that the initiation of the inclusive policy had the most significant effect on the development of rural inclusive insurance at the first year,but its effect weakened with time,and even turned to be negative.Therefore,to develop rural inclusive insurance,we should pay attention to the inclusive concept,focus on the interests of vulnerable groups,formulate moderately rigid and easy-to-supervise inclusive policies,and make adjustments and improvements in time.