中国历史技术演变与知识产品制度变迁的绩效

为了考察和改进中国的知识产权制度的绩效,有必要对知识产品的历史产出和消费绩效的演化轨迹与同期知识产品制度变迁进行比较分析。中国前现代时期科学技术发达是基于知识发明是经验性的,经验性知识创新没有现代知识产权刺激仍然能回收成本并赢利。14世纪后知识创新逐步转型为实验性,由于中国没有适时给予足够的知识产权刺激,科学技术后来反而开始落后于西方世界。可以说,近代中国知识产权制度的缺失是其科学技术后来落后的根本原因。旧中国知识产权制度变迁的绩效还表明:知识产品的产出绩效决定于相应的知识产权制度安排,知识产权制度安排选择又决定于知识产品的特性与生产机制,知识产权制度安排与知识产品的特性、生产机制的适应、吻合程度反过来又决定着知识产品的产出绩效。

On the Performance of China's Historical Technological Evolution and Intellectual Product System Transformation

To survey and improve the performance of China's intellectual property,it is necessary to compare and analyze the evolution route of historical output and consumption performance of intellectual products and the transformation of intellectual product system during the same period.The developed technologies in China's pre-modern period is based on the empirical knowledge invention,which can recover the cost and realize profits even without the stimulation of modern intellectual property right.Since 14th century,the knowledge innovation has shifted to experimental type.However,the lack of timely attention to the stimulation of intellectual property right,China's technologies lagged behind western countries.It may as well conclude that the lack of intellectual property right system in modern China is the root cause of the lagging of its technologies.The performance of the transformation of old China's intellectual property right system also shows that the output of performance of intellectual products depends on the corresponding system arrangement.In addition,the selection of system arrangement depends on the features and production mechanism of intellectual products.In turn,the degree of adaptation between the system arrangement on the one hand and the features and production mechanism of intellectual products on the other determines the output performance of intellectual products.