历史文化街区业态特征及其影响因素研究——以长沙太平街为例

历史文化街区业态的特征是市场规律的体现。本研究以长沙太平街历史文化街区实地调研数据为主，网络平台相关数据为辅，对商铺业态分类，从多个视角透视街区业态特征，运用无序多分类逻辑回归，探讨业态类型的影响因素。研究发现：（1）历史文化街区商铺业态类型可优化为餐饮、购物、住宿、游览娱乐和其他5个大类15个中类；（2）业态水平空间分布表现出商铺面积规模的插花分布现象和业态两两组合的多样化特点，业态垂直空间分布由低层向高层表现出商铺数量、业态种类递减，商铺面积规模递增，业态多样性弱化、集中性强化的态势；（3）业态空间集聚表现出街巷入口、尽头的垂直分布集聚和商铺面积规模的“集聚-分异”现象；（4）商铺面积规模、街巷类型和集体记忆表征水平变量显著影响业态类型，饮品、小吃、服装、特产、住宿类型业态布局与街巷类型变量存在显著相关关系，特产、饰品、住宿类型业态布局与商铺面积规模变量存在显著相关关系，服装、娱乐类型业态布局与集体记忆表征水平变量存在显著相关关系。

The characteristics of business formats and their influencing factors in historical and cultural blocks: A case study of Taiping District in Changsha City

The characteristics of business formats in historical and cultural blocks are the embodiment of market law. Based on the survey data of Taiping District in Changsha, supplemented by relevant data of internet platform, this paper classifies commercial types of Taiping District in Changsha, analyzes the characteristics of the business formats from multiple perspectives, and discusses the influencing factors of those formats by using disordered multi-classification logistic regression. The results of this study are revealed as follows: (1) The business types of shops in historical and cultural blocks can be optimized into five categories: catering, shopping, accommodation, sightseeing and entertainment, and others, which contains fifteen sub-categories. (2) The horizontal spatial distribution of formats shows a phenomenon of flower arrangement distribution pattern in the scale of shops, and the diversification characteristics of pairwise combination of business formats. The vertical spatial distribution shows that the number of shops and types of business formats decrease from low level to high level, while the scale of shops increases from low level to high level. As the floors increase, the diversity of formats weakens whilst the centralization of formats intensifies. (3) The spatial agglomeration of formats shows the vertical distribution clustering phenomenon at the entrance and the end of streets, and the “agglomeration-differentiation” phenomenon of the scale of shops. (4) The scale of shop, the type of street and the representative level of collective memory have a significant effect on the types of the formats, the layout of beverage shops, snack shops, clothing shops, specialty shops and accommodation shops is significantly correlated with the type of street; the layout of specialty shops, jewelry shops and accommodation shops is significantly correlated with the scale of shop; the layout of clothing shops and entertainment shops is significantly correlated with the representation level of collective memory.