关于中国渐进式改革的总结和反思

中国经济改革是解决传统体制下国有产权安排的高成本问题的必然要求。渐进式改革是学界关于中国改革特性达成的一个共识，而采取此种改革模式却是取决于以下原因：过宽的“制度鸿沟”、高度专用性的“人力资产”以及“制度记忆”的“缺失”。由于“渐进式改革”采取由易到难的改革顺序，以至很多艰难和结构性的问题没有得到解决并遗留下来。在渐进式改革逻辑下，单纯依靠市场自发力量的推动是缺乏效率的。由于政府具有合法强制力．当自发的市场力量导致利益目标分散时，政府能有效地聚合各种价值取向，平衡利益冲突，减少改革成本，使市场化进程顺利推进。中国的渐进式改革路径需要政府主导型制度变迁的模式，但在理论和实践中这种模式也面临着巨大的困境和障碍。

Summing-up and Pondering-upon of Gradual Reform Path in China

The aim of China＇s economic reform is to resolve the high cost problem of Assignment of State-owned Assets in the traditional economic system. Academy circles share the view that China＇s economic reform follows the model of Gradual Reform. The implementing of the Gradual Reform Path is attributed to the following cause： ＂Institutional Divide＂ is great width; ＂human assets＂ is very concentrated; ＂institutional memory＂ is absent. Because the Gradual Reform Path follow the way from easy to difficulty, many hard and structural issues had not been resolved and left behind. Under the Gradual Reform Path, reform that only rely on the promotion from market force is lack of efficiency. When the spontaneous force of market result in the decentralization of interest aim, because of having enforceable power, government can converge various value aim efficiently, balance interest conflict, reduce the cost of reform, thereby government can advance successfully the process of Marketization. China＇s Gradual Reform should follow the model of Government-dominated＂ system transition, however it also faces some challenges resulted from the practice and theory.