环境规制差异、行业特征与就业动态

文章基于2004-2011年中国分省分行业的工业数据，将地区环境规制程度与行业特征相结合，采用倍差非线性计量模型，实证考察了环境规制强度的省际差异对不同特征行业就业的净影响及其就业集聚效应。实证结果表明：环境规制强度的地区差异导致污染密集型行业的就业呈现向环境规制较为宽松地区集聚的趋势，基于行业就业人数和就业份额的实证结果均比较显著。将工业行业划分为高污染-高资本行业、高污染-低资本行业、低污染-高资本行业和低污染-低资本行业四大类，通过计算环境规制的边际就业效应发现，环境规制会对高污染-高资本密集型行业产生正向的就业效应，环境规制带来的负向就业效应仅在纺织、纺织服装和有色金属采选等高污染的劳动密集型行业表现得比较明显。

Environmental Regulation Difference,Industry Characteristics and Employment Dynamic

Based on the industrial data of every province in China from 2004 to 2011, using difference in difference method, the provincial environmental regulation was combined with industrial characteristics to examine the net effects and agglomeration effects of environmental regulation on industrial employment.The results show that provincial difference of environmental regulation intensity cause the industrial employment to agglomerate in looser regulation regions and the empirical tests on industrial employment and its share are all remarkable. Then the industries are divided into four categories:high pollution-high capital intensive industry, high pollution-low capital intensive industry, low pollution-high capital intensive industry and low pollution-low capital intensive industry. Through calculating the marginal employment effects of environmental regulation, this paper finds that there are positive effects in high pollution-high capital intensive industry and the obvious negative effects of environmental regulation are only exist in high pollution-labor intensive industries, such as textile, textile garment and no_ferrous metals.