“三权分置”下农业经营的实践形态与农地制度创新

"三权分置"是农地制度改革的重要成果,为提升农业经营效益提供了制度保障。农业经营的实践形态显示,土地经营权的设立并未提升资本化耕种的农业经营收益,也难以提升村集体范围内农地产权正式转移的水平。农业经营体制在"统"的层面缺乏可操作性的产权制度方案,阻碍了农地产权设置在"分"的层面发挥出高效的制度效能。切实回应农地利用中实际耕者的地权诉求,解决农地细碎化、村集体内土地经营权流转价格过高、土地经营权配置不充分、土地经营权流转后的社会纠纷等问题,需要围绕农地高效利用,在"三权分置"下充分发挥集体土地所有权的管理权能,以集体土地所有权统合土地承包经营权和土地经营权。

The Practice of Agricultural Management and the Innovation of Agricultural Land System under the Policy for Separating the Ownership Rights,Contract Rights and Management Rights

"The separation of three rights"is an important achievement of the agricultural land system reform,which provides an institutional guarantee for improving the agricultural operation efficiency.However,the practice of agricultural management shows that the establishment of land management right does not improve the agricultural operation income from capitalized farming,and it is difficult to improve the level of formal transfer of farmland property right within the village collective.At the level of"unification"of agricultural management system,there is a lack of operable property right system scheme,which hinders the setting of farmland property right at the level of"division".In order to effectively respond to the land right demands of the actual farmers in the utilization of agricultural land and to solve such problems as the fragmentation of agricultural land,the excessive price for the transfer of land management right within the village collectives,the inadequate allocation of land management rights,and the social disputes following the transfer of land management rights,it is necessary to focus on the efficient use of agricultural land,to give full play to the management power of collective land ownership under the"separation of three rights",and integrate the land contract management rights and land management rights with collective land ownership.