“站-城”融合视角下的大城市中心城区高铁设站分析

城市社会和经济的不断发展对城市运行效率提出了更高的要求。当前高铁的快速发展不仅加强了城市间的交通联系,也促进了城市与区域的经济发展。尤其在大都市区乃至城市群内部高铁出行日常化、公交化的背景下,城市内高铁站点的选址对于提升城市效率往往有重大影响。文章通过对我国历史上铁路站点的选址进行了回顾,分析了历史条件下的高铁站点选址远郊的现实原因和当前存在的问题。同时,结合目前城市发展和高铁出行不断增加的现状,讨论了大城市中心城区建设高铁站点的必要性,并以新经济地理学理论为基础,分别从"站"和"城"两维度对中心城区高铁设站的效益(交通网络效益和经济集聚效益)进行分析,结合对重庆北站和重庆西站为实证案例的成本分析,探讨"站-城"融合视角下的中心城区高铁设站的可行性。

Site Selection of High-speed Railway Hub in the Central Urban Area of Mega Cities in China: Perspective of “Station-City” Synergy

The rapid urban development on society and economy often requires for an improvement in urban operation efficiency. The rapid development of high-speed railway (HSR) not only have strengthened the transport connection among cities but also promoted the urban and regional economy development. Especially under the background of the popularity of HSR for residents' travel in mega cities or even metropolitan areas, a reasonable site selection for HSR hub in urban space is crucial for promoting the urban efficiency. This study teases out the historical development of the site selection of railway station in China, followed by analyzing the determinants of allocating the HSR hub at the exurban areas under specific historical conditions and revealing the current problems of the strategy of exurban site-selection. Furthermore, the necessity of siting HSR hub in urban center areas for mega cities because of the rapid urban development and increasing demand of HSR trips have been discussed. The study also analyzes the economic efficiency (traffic network effect and economic agglomeration effect) of site selection of HSR hub in the central urban area by two dimensions of "station" and "city", deriving from the basis of New Economic Geography Theory. Two HSR stations in Chongqing, namely, Chongqing North Station in central areas and Chongqing West Station in remote areas, are selected as empirical cases to compare the costs of HSR station construction between central areas and remote areas. The feasibility of establishing the HSR hub in the central urban area from the perspective of "Station-City" synergy is then summarized and concluded. It is aimed to improve the management efficiency of HSR hub and promote the sustainable urban development in the mega cities.