制造业服务化研究争议的一种解释：两类基本服务与企业绩效

服务化是全球制造业转型趋势，但存在服务化—绩效关系和服务化转型路径方面的争议。已有研究很少量化检验不同服务间关系，基于资源基础观，关注产品导向型与顾客导向型两类基本服务的关系及二者的绩效影响，对我国241家耐用消费品与工业品制造企业的服务业务和绩效进行问卷调查，采用验证性因子分析、结构方程模型等方法对调查数据进行统计分析。结果表明，产品导向型服务能够促进顾客导向型服务的发展，顾客导向型服务对企业绩效产生积极影响，产品导向型服务通过促进顾客导向型服务的发展对企业绩效产生间接影响。基于研究结论，从动态演化的时间维度解释关于服务化—绩效关系正向、负向、非线性的研究争议，并从3种VRIN资源视角解释关于服务化转型路径线性、共存、反向的研究争议，为未来服务化研究和我国实践提供参考借鉴。

An Explantion of Disputes in Manufacturing Servitization Research: Two Types of Basic Services and Enterprise Performance

Servitization is the transformation trend for global manufacturing industry, but there are disputes on servitizaiton-performance relationship and the transformation path in the existing research. These two aspects are important issues on whether and how to carry out servitization. Research disputes have brought confusion to further theoretical research and enterprise practice.#br#Through the literature review, this paper first defines manufacturing servitization as manufacturer transformation from product-centered strategy to service-centered strategy, involving the reconstruction and renewal of organizational resources, capabilities, processes, culture and so on. Then it is found that the existing servitization-performance relationship research rarely quantitatively tests the relationship between different services, and the existing servitization transformation path research mainly adopts case and qualitative research methods. Services Supporting the supplier's products (SSP) and services supporting the clients’ actions (SSC ) reflect the two stages in servitization development which are also the embodiment of enterprise business logic and organizational resources transformation. They are regarded as the research object for manufacturing enterprise services in this study. However, existing studies have drawn different views on the performance impact of the two types services, and little attention has been paid to the relationship between them. The resource-based view can help enterprises identify, acquire and use key resources, and servitization with sufficient resources to establish service businesses is more likely to succeed. From the perspective of resource-based view , this paper summarizes three types of valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable (VRIN) resources contained in manufacturing servitization: the installation foundation, unique and complex offerings, and service-enhanced relationships. Three sets of research hypotheses are proposed: the relationship between SSP and SSC, the impact of SSP on enterprise performance and the impact of SSC on enterprise performance. A theoretical model on the relationship among SSP, SSC and enterprise performance is built, and the relationship among SSP and SSC and their respective performance impact will be empirically tested. #br#After enterprise survey and expert consultation in the representative universities, this study draws on the ideas in existing literature and make a formal questionnaire after pre-test. The formal questionnaire survey is conducted on the service business and performance in Chinese durable consumer goods and industrial goods manufacturing enterprises, and 241 valid questionnaires are collected. The samples are widely distributed in various regions and industries, and they can represent the overall status on China's manufacturing enterprises. The survey data are statistically analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model. It is found that SSP promotes SSC, and SSC has a positive impact on enterprise performance, while SSP has an indirect impact on enterprise performance by promoting SSC.#br#On the basis ofthe above research conclusions, the existing research disputes on the positive, negative and nonlinear servitization-performance relaitionship are explained from the dimension of dynamic evolution time, while existing studies have analyzed these disputes from the dimensions of industry, region and organization design spatial. This paper enriches the explanation on servitization-performance relationship from the time dimension. It also explains the research disputes on the linear, coexistence and deservitization transformation path from three VRIN resources perspective. Suggestions on China's enterprise practice and government policies are put forward as follows: (1) servitization transformation decision-making and path design in various industries and regions should be treated differently according to the servitization process; (2) governments at all levels should strengthen the statistics for service business income and servitization development process data of local manufacturing enterprises，and provide support for manufacturing enterprises to improve the digital technology level.#br#