开放式创新驱动制造业绿色转型了吗——一个有调节的中介效应模型

“双碳”目标和能源转型战略背景下，能否以及如何通过开放式创新驱动制造业绿色转型意义重大。根据2013—2020年中国内地30个省份面板数据，构建有调节的中介效应双向固定效应模型，探究开放式创新对制造业绿色转型绩效的影响效果及实现路径。结果表明，开放式创新通过提升技术研发能力、优化能源消费结构显著影响并提升制造业绿色转型绩效，其作用效果受到市场结构调节。异质性分析发现，双向开放式创新对制造业绿色转型绩效的作用存在差异，内向型开放式创新的驱动作用强于外向型开放式创新。研究可为中国制造业扩大创新优势、加速绿色转型提供政策参考与经验借鉴。

Has Open Innovation Driven the Green Transformation of Manufacturing Industry？A Moderated Mediation Effect Model

As the pillar of national economic development, manufacturing industry is the main source of energy consumption and pollutant emission. Its green transformation is related to high-quality economic development and ecological civilization construction. Green transformation of manufacturing industry means that enterprises should change the traditional extensive development mode of high pollution and high energy consumption, promote independent innovation technology research and development, etc. to achieve the purpose of alleviating the contradiction between resources and environment. #br#In the era of knowledge sharing, "open innovation" characterized by openness, cooperation and sharing have come into being. In contrast to the traditional innovation, open innovation means that the boundary between innovation subjects is permeable. Enterprises can exchange innovation ideas by integrating internal and external innovation resources, expand the market by following the internal and external commercialization paths, and then increase innovation benefits. Given the carbon peaking,carbon neutrality goals and energy transformation strategy, it is of great significance to study whether and how open innovation can drive the green transformation of manufacturing industry.Since there are relatively few studies that integrate open innovation and green transformation performance of manufacturing industry within the same research framework, and the impact and mechanism of open innovation on manufacturing industry transformation and the differences in the role of dual open innovation are not very clear,this paper provides an empirical analysis to make up for the above deficiencies.#br#Throughthe theoretical analysis, this study clarifies the relationship among open innovation, green transformation performance of manufacturing industry, technology R & D capability, energy consumption structure and market structure, and puts forward research hypotheses. In the empirical test, this study draws on the panel data of 30 provinces (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China from 2013 to 2020, and uses a two-way fixed effect model with moderated mediators to explore the impact effect and realization path of open innovation on the green transformation performance of manufacturing industry. The results show that open innovation can significantly help the green transformation performance of manufacturing industry by reducing green unexpected output and increasing green expected output. After replacing the estimation method and processing the sample, the above results are still robust. The mechanism analysis shows that open innovation can improve the green transformation performance of manufacturing industry by enhancing technology R&D capability and optimizing energy consumption structure; market structure can adjust the mediating effect between technology R & D capability and energy consumption structure on open innovation and green transformation performance of manufacturing industry.#br#In addition, dual open innovation is an epoch-making proposition. In order to adapt to the rapidly changing international situation and meet its own development needs, the manufacturing industry needs to make strategic use of global innovation resources from a higher starting point, and conduct more in-depth exchanges and interactive cooperation with strategic partners, which puts forward requirements for exploring the role differences of dual open innovation and finding an innovation model suitable for the green transformation of China's manufacturing industry.The heterogeneity analysis finds that dual open innovation can improve the green transformation performance of manufacturing industry. Although there are obvious differences in their roles, they can complement each other from both inside and outside, and complete higher-level cooperation and exchanges with external organizations. Meanwhile the regression results show that the role of inbound open innovation is stronger than outbound open innovation, which is consistent with the mainstream research, and confirms the fact that inbound open innovation is more concerned by the academic community.#br#According to the research conclusion and the current situation of green transformation of China's manufacturing industry, this study puts forward the suggestions for China's manufacturing industry to strengthen its innovation advantages and accelerate the green transformation of manufacturing industry. For local governments, it is vital to comprehensively improve the level of open innovation in the manufacturing industry from the two aspects of inbound and outbound open innovation, and optimize the regional market structure and create green manufacturing clusters. For enterprises it is imperative to accelerate the cultivation of scientific and technological innovation ability and improve the energy consumption structure.#br#