政府间转移支付、物流专业化与企业出口行为

文章以政府间转移支付、物流专业化影响企业出口行为的理论为基础,采用2000-2013年中国县级财政经济统计数据以及中国工业企业微观数据,运用Heckman两阶段法探究政府间转移支付、物流专业化与企业出口行为的总体关系。研究发现,政府间转移支付显著推动企业出口参与度的提高和出口规模的增长,物流专业化对上述企业出口行为均有显著的积极影响,政府间转移支付在物流专业化与企业出口行为的关系之间呈现显著的负向调节作用。在通过解决变量内生性问题、消除分配政策影响、考虑新冠肺炎疫情等外生冲击影响等一系列稳健性检验后,上述结论依然成立。进一步对政府间转移支付的异质性分析结果显示,一般性转移支付与物流专业化的交互项对企业出口参与度的回归结果变为正向显著。中介效应检验表明,政府间转移支付主要通过协调区域经济发展、基本公共服务均等化、改善财政收支结构促进企业自身出口参与和出口规模扩张;物流专业化主要通过物流规模扩张和物流效率提升促进企业出口二元边际增长。在新冠肺炎疫情长期持续和当前复杂艰难的国际贸易形势下,这一研究对我国继续优化政府间转移支付分配结构、强化物流专业化比较优势,进一步释放企业出口潜力,畅通国内国际经济双循环具有重要参考价值。

Intergovernmental Transfer Payment,Logistics Specialization and Enterprise Export Behavior

In recent years, China's open economy has faced new challenges.The outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan proposes promoting the construction of a trading power and accelerate the cultivation of new advantages in participating in international cooperation and competition. With the advantages of natural resources, labor cost and relevant policies, the scale of China's foreign trade has shown an obvious increasing trend and has reached the forefront of the international rankings since the reform and opening up.However, realistic difficulties such as unbalanced and insufficient regional development and resource mismatch still restrict the expansion of export behavior of Chinese enterprises. As an important support of local government financial resources, intergovernmental transfer payment plays an important role in coordinating regional economic development, promoting the equalization of basic public services and improving the structure of government revenue and expenditure. Therefore, in order to explore and seek new trade comparative advantages and solve the export problems of Chinese enterprises, we can turn the perspective to the improvement of regional supporting service level brought by intergovernmental transfer payment and the improvement of China's own logistics specialization level. It should be a rational strategic choice to alleviate the multiple external environmental pressures faced by enterprises and enhance the international competitiveness of enterprises' exports. Based on the theory that intergovernmental transfer payments and logistics specialization affect the export behavior of enterprises, this paper uses the county-level financial and economic statistics of China from 2000 to 2013 and the micro data of Chinese industrial enterprises, and uses the Heckman two-stage method to explore the overall relationship between intergovernmental transfer payment, logistics specialization and enterprise export behavior. It is found that intergovernmental transfer payment significantly promotes the improvement of enterprise export participation and the growth of export scale. Logistics specialization has a significant positive impact on the export behavior of the above enterprises. Intergovernmental transfer payment plays a noteworthy negative regulatory role in the relationship between logistics specialization and enterprise export behavior. Novel coronavirus pneumonia is still a solution to the problem of endogenous impact, elimination of the impact of distribution policy, and consideration of the impact of exogenous shocks such as the new crown pneumonia outbreak. Further analysis of the heterogeneity of intergovernmental transfer payment shows that the regression result of the interaction between general transfer payment and logistics specialization on enterprise export participation becomes positive and significant. The intermediary effect test shows that inter governmental transfer payment mainly promotes the export participation and export scale expansion of enterprises through coordinating regional economic development, equalizing basic public services and improving the government revenue and expenditure structure; Logistics specialization mainly promotes the dual marginal growth of enterprises'exports through the expansion of logistics scale and the improvement of logistics efficiency. The novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic situation is very difficult for us to carry out. This new study will be of great reference value for China to continue optimizing the intergovernmental transfer payment structure, strengthening the comparative advantage of logistics specialization, further releasing the export potential of enterprises, and unblocking domestic and international economic Dual circulation.