国际援助再分类及其对受援国经济增长的异质性影响

国际援助对受援国的经济影响在学界并没有一致的答案,文章从不同类型国际援助的影响具有异质性的角度再次探讨这一问题。文章的主要工作有两点：一是对援助类型的重新分类;二是根据新分类的援助,实证分析不同类型援助的异质性影响。首先,基于中观经济学对生成性资源的分类方式,文章提出资源配对援助法,将国际援助分为了商业性援助、开发性援助和公益性援助三类,并与经合组织债权人申报系统相衔接,建立了分类后的国际援助数据集。然后,在实证分析部分,分别研究了援助总规模和不同类型国际援助对受援国经济发展的影响。结果发现,援助总规模对受援国的经济正向影响显著。同时,开发性援助和公益性援助存在门槛效应和滞后性,两者都有显著的正向影响,而且开发性援助对受援国经济发展促进作用要强于公益性援助。

Reclassification of Foreign Aid and Its Heterogeneous Effect on Recipient Countries' Economic Growth

There is no consistent answer about the economic impact of foreign aid on recipient countries. Our study revisits this question from the perspective of the heterogeneity of the impact of different types of foreign aid. First,based on the classification of resources in Mezzoeconomics, our study proposes a resource-matching-aid method, which divides foreign aid into three categories:welfare aid, growth aid and commercial aid. The focus of foreign aid is resource generation, and different types of foreign aid promotes the economic development of recipient countries by injecting different types of resource.Second,we establish a categorized foreign aid data set, connecting the above proposed foreign aid categories with the OECD CRS Aid Actirity database classifications.As the traditional classification of foreign aid, OECD Official Development Aid emphasizes the official and the preferential nature of aid. In contrast, the resource-matching-aid method can widely include foreign aid offered by various financial instruments from both the official sector and the private sector, thus provides a new approach for the international community to understand China's foreign aid.At last, the influence of the total scale of China's foreign aid and the influence of different types of foreign aid on the economic growth of recipient countries are studied respectively. By analyzing China's foreign aid data from 2003 to 2014, our empirical results show that the total scale of aid has a significant positive impact on the economic development of recipient countries. Growth aid and welfare aid both have a significant positive impact, and there is a threshold effect for both of them. We also find that growth aid plays a stronger role than welfare aid in promoting the economic development of recipient countries, while the impact of welfare aid lasts longer than that of growth aid.Our findings are meaningful for both traditional donors and emerging donors. To make foreign aid more effective, donors should revisit their foreign aid policies and adopt both kinds of aid in their foreign assistance practice.