农户绿色施肥行为形成机理研究——基于苹果种植户的微观调研

目的 农户作为化肥施用的主体,其绿色施肥采纳意愿和采纳行为受自身资本禀赋和外部环境的双重影响。系统分析农户绿色施肥行为的形成机理对农业领域加快实现“双碳”目标具有重要理论和现实意义。方法 文章基于山东省680份苹果种植户的实地调研微观数据,运用结构方程模型实证分析了资本禀赋、外部环境对农户绿色施肥行为的作用机理。结果 农户对新型肥料产品和新型施肥技术存在“高意愿、低行动”现象;表征资本禀赋的5个潜在变量均对绿色施肥采纳意愿具有显著正向影响,其影响大小为：社会资本＞经济资本＞物质资本＞人力资本＞自然资本;外部环境对绿色施肥采纳意愿和采纳行为均具有显著正向影响;采纳意愿显著正向影响采纳行为,且在资本禀赋、外部环境与采纳行为间起中介作用。结论 为鼓励农户的绿色施肥行为,应综合提升农户资本禀赋水平,强化对农户农业生产行为的监管和激励力度,建立健全绿色农业生产的宣传教育体系。

STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF GREEN FERTILIZATION BEHAVIOR OF FARMERS: BASED ON DATA FROM THE QUESTIONNAIRES OF APPLE GROWERS

Systematic analysis of the behavioral mechanism of farmers'' scientific fertilization has important theoretical and practical significance to achieve peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. Based on data from the questionnaires of 680 apple growers in Shandong province, the SEM was used to empirically analyze the relationship and path of capital endowment and external environment on farmers'' scientific fertilization behavior. The results showed that, firstly, farmers had a phenomenon of "high willingness and low action" for new fertilization products and technologies. Secondly, the five latent variables that characterized capital endowments all had significant positive impact on the willingness to adopt scientific fertilization, and their impact as follows, social capital>economic capital>material capital>human capital>natural capital. Thirdly, the external environment had a significant positive impact on the willingness and behavior of scientific fertilization adoption. Fourthly, the willingness to adopt significantly positively affected the adoption behavior, and it acted as an intermediary between the capital endowment, external environment and the adoption behavior. Therefore, in order to enhance the enthusiasm and initiative of farmers in scientific fertilization, comprehensively improve the level of capital endowment of farmers, strengthen the supervision and incentive of farmers'' agricultural production behavior, establish and improve the publicity and education system of green agricultural production.