论当事人主义视角下的民事再审启动主体

不论是职权主义模式还是当事人主义模式,现代国家基本都把当事人主义作为民事诉讼的基本原则。但由于历史文化原因,我国理论及实践中尚存在误区,将＂职权进行主义＂与＂超职权主义＂混为一谈,混淆了当事人主义的内涵。这种混乱的典型体现就是我国民事审判监督程序的设置,该程序最大的问题就是违背了民事诉讼的当事人理念,由于其启动主体具有多元化、职权化的特点,造成诉讼程序混乱,司法权威不彰,终审既判力不定的局面。因此必须取消国家司法机关依职权启动再审程序的权力,确立当事人为启动民事再审程序的唯一主体。

Civil Suit Retrial Program from the Perspective of Adversarial System

The adversarial system has been treated as the basic principles for civil suit in modern countries irrespective of the model belongs to inquisitorial system or adversarial system.There exist six misunderstandings of ＂inquisitorial conduction system＂ and ＂super inquisitorial system＂ in the theory and practice in China,which confuses the connotations of adversarial system.This confusion is typically reflected in the design of supervision in the civil suit of China.The biggest problem of the system disobeys the litigant concept.The diversity of subjects and misuse of power in this system may cause chaos in contentious procedure,the indeterminacy of judicial authority and res judicata of last instance.Thus,it is essential to abolish the retrial ex officio of state judicial organs and regard the party as the sole subject to start retrial procedure of civil suit.