国际外包陷阱产生机理及其跨越研究

本文以全球价值链分工体系下发展中国家承接国际外包实践为背景,从承包企业所面临的风险角度审视国际外包,认为承包活动将伴随着陷阱,并提出了分析国际外包陷阱的一个初步理论框架。国际外包陷阱描述了承包企业陷入长期低水平接包而难以自拔的一种状态,其在理论溯源、概念假设、形成机制及产生效应等方面区别于比较优势陷阱。承包企业对发包企业技术上的严重依赖和对低劳动力素质的过度依赖是前者极易落入国际外包陷阱的主要原因,落入国际外包陷阱的后果则是从长期看承包企业人力资本积累缓慢、缺乏技术创新能力积累导致与发包企业间技术差距和边际生产率差距同时不断扩大。基于以上理论框架,本文构建了国际外包陷阱产生机理的数理模型,阐明了承包企业内部技术积累及外部需求推动两大跨越国际外包陷阱的途径,归纳了国际外包陷阱跨越的"单脚"、"双脚"及"跳跃型"三种模式,并对承包企业发展战略和发展中国家相关产业政策制定提出了建议。

Study on Generating Mechanism and Going Beyond of International Outsourcing Trap

This paper observes international outsourcing from the view of risks confronted by subcontracting enterprises on the background that developing countries have been involved in international outsourcing practice under global value chain division system.We regard that subcontracting activities will be accompanied by trap.This paper puts forward a theoretic framework for analyzing international outsourcing trap.International outsourcing trap describes the situation that subcontracting enterprises has fallen into low-level subcontracting activities and is difficult to extricate themselves.It is different from comparative advantage trap on theoretical basis,concept assumption,formation mechanism and generating effects.Heavy dependences on technology provided by clients enterprises and low labour quality are main reasons why subscontracting enterprises are apt to falling into international outsourcing trap.The results from falling into international outsourcing trap are,human capital accumulation becomes slower,accumulation for technical innovation capabitlity is lacked,technology gap and marginal productivity gap between subscontracting enterprises in developing countries and clients enterprises in developed countries is bigger and bigger.Based on the above mentioned framework,this paper builds a mathematical model to analyze the generating mechanism of international outsourcing trap,then clarifies technology accumulation and promotion by external market demand are two main routes to realize going beyond international outsourcing trap,sums up three modes of going beyond international trap as "one-foot","two-feet","leapfrogging" mode.Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions for stipulating stategies by subcontracting enterprises and relevant industry policies by governments of developing countries.