黄河流域农业用水绿色效率时空分异及驱动因素

目的]探究黄河流域农业用水绿色效率水平及其演变特征,有助于推进黄河流域农业用水高质量发展。方法]文章利用超效率EBM模型测算黄河流域9省区农业用水绿色效率,采用KDE及ArcGIS图示法探究效率的区异性及动态演进特征,借助地理探测器考察时空演进的内源性、外源性驱动因素。结果]（1）从总体变化趋势看,2010—2019年黄河流域农业用水绿色效率平均值在0.95～1.10,呈“降—升—降—升”的“W”型波动上升特征,2011年和2015年为低点;（2）从流域动态演进看,全流域存在“优者更优”现象,中下游地区两极分化明显,农业用水绿色效率提升幅度从上游到中下游递增;（3）从省域异质性看,农业用水绿色效率呈现“北低南高”的空间分布格局,效率值由上游向中下游递增,高效率省份数量在增多;（4）外源性因素是黄河流域农业用水绿色效率的主要驱动力,滴灌面积占比、经济发展水平、每千公顷施用化肥折纯量是控制性因子。结论]针对黄河流域农业用水绿色效率驱动因素采取差异化措施,实现农业用水效率高质量发展。

THE SPATIOTEMPORAL DISPARITY AND DRIVING FACTORS OF GREEN EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL WATER IN THE YELLOW RIVER BASIN

This research aims to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of the green efficiency of agricultural water in the Yellow River Basin to boost the high-quality development.This paper used the Super EBM model to measure the green efficiency of agricultural water in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2019, and the Karnel Density Estimation method and ArcGIS method was used to investigate the spatial disparity and dynamic evolution and the geographic detector was further used to analyze the endogenous factors and the exogenous factors of the green efficiency of agricultural water in the Yellow River Basin. The results were showed as follows. (1) From the perspective of overall change trend in research area, the average of the green efficiency of agricultural water in the Yellow River Basin was from 0.95 to 1.10, showing the distribution pattern "drop-rise-drop-rise", which looked like the letter of "W". (2)From the perspective of dynamic evolution in research area, there was a phenomenon of "the superior was the better" in the entire research area, with significant polarization in the middle and lower reaches, and the green efficiency of agricultural water increasing from the upstream to the middle and lower reaches. (3) From the perspective of provincial heterogeneity, the distribution pattern of the green efficiency of agricultural water in the Yellow River Basin was "high in the south and low in the north", with the efficiency value increasing from the upstream to the middle and downstream, and the number of high-efficiency provinces increasing.(4) The exogenous factors were the leading factors for the spatiotemporal differences of the green efficiency of agricultural water in the Yellow River Basin, and the percentage of drip irrigation areas, the level of economic development, and the percentage of fertilizer purity in one thousand hectares were the most important interactive driving factors.In summary, it should adopt differentiated measures according to the driving factors forthe green efficiency of agricultural water in the Yellow River Basin, so as to achieve high-quality development in agricultural water efficiency.