从工具本体到情本体——一种实践论的审美形而上学生存观

现代科技的高度发达,使人类走出为了“活着”即为了生存而苦苦挣扎的境地,进入了“为什么活”和“怎么活着”的层面。也就是说,从以工具本体为主导的层面进入了一个更高的、以心理和精神为主导的层面。历史的发展在工具本体之外提出了建立精神(心理)本体的要求。发掘工具本体的诗情画意、实现自由而诗意地生存成为一个现实任务。这种作为未来时代的人生本体的精神(心理)本体便是情感。情的内容是极为复杂的、丰富的,作为未来社会心理本体的情是一种广义的博爱之情。这种博爱,小而言之,是一种同情心,是孟子所说的“恻隐之心”;广而言之,这种博爱之情是一种胸怀天下、以黎民百姓之苦为苦、以百姓之乐为乐的博大深层的普遍之爱。这种爱以中国传统的仁爱为基础,吸收了血缘亲子之情而又超越狭义的亲情,同时它借鉴了西方启蒙学者自由平等博爱之学说。这种爱,在对待自然的关系上,是对自然的一种尊敬、欣赏、感恩与敬畏之情。即对自然化育万物、养育人类的奇迹怀着尊敬,对自然本身气韵流转、生动活泼的勃勃生机予以欣赏,对自然给人类提供裹腹的食物与御寒的衣服等生存资源心存感恩,而对自然造化那井然有序、万物共生共存、相互对立、相生相克而和谐自存的无言之大美予以敬畏。历史就这样从工具本体走到了心理本体。情感,也许就是我们心灵最后栖息的港湾。

From instrument noumenon to feeling noumenon——A kind of aesthetic metaphysical survival conception in practice theory

The high development of modern science and technology makes human being walk out the circumstance that struggle for survival,enter into the lay why to live and how to live.Namely,from instrument noumenon oriented lay to higher psychology,spirit oriented lay.The development of history puts forward the requirement to build up psychologic(mental) noumenon.To discover the quality suggestive of poetry or painting of instrument noumenon,realize the free and poetic life become a realistic task.As the life noumenon in the future society,this kind of psychologic(mental) noumenon is feeling.The content of feeling is very abundant and complicated,as the psychologic noumenon in the future society,feeling is a kind of broad caritas.This kind of caritas,speaking individually,is a kind of pity,namely the sympathy said by Mencius;speaking generally,this kind of caritas is a broad,deep,universal love which has the overall situation,takes common people's pain as pain,pleasure as pleasure.This kind of caritas takes Chinese traditional kindheartedness as foundation,absorbs the kindred feeling,moreover exceeds the kindred feeling in narrow sense,at the same time consults the liberty,equality,fraternity of the West Enlightenment Scholar.For nature,this kind of caritas is the feeling of respect,appreciation,thanksgiving,reverence,namely,respects the miracle that nature nurtures everything on earth,appreciates the vigorous vitality of the nature,thanks for the survival resource such as food,clothing etc.offered by the nature,reverences the beauty that everything on earth is well-regulated,symbiotic,opposite mutually,counteracts each other,self-existent harmoniously.In this way,history goes towards the psychologic noumenon from instrument noumenon.Feeling may be the ultimate fleet to inhabit our spirit.