学术创业者角色协同的驱动因素组态效应研究

学术创业是科技成果转化的重要形式之一。运用模糊集定性比较分析法，探讨影响学术创业者角色协同的多重因素及因果路径。结果表明，个体较高的认知柔性是产生协同的必要条件，实现高学术创业者角色协同的路径有3条，即认知柔性、政府支持和高校支持的联动匹配，认知柔性、团队异质性和政府支持的联动匹配，以及认知柔性、政府支持和家庭支持的联动匹配。其中，第一条路径更能有效提升角色协同程度，当政府、高校组织和自身条件有效组合与匹配时，能够显著形成耦合效应。不同路径涉及的要素既发挥协同作用，也产生替代作用，当认知柔性和政府支持力度较高时，只要家庭支持强有力，或者建立异质性创业团队，或者高校各项组织制度较为完善，均可实现高学术创业者角色协同。导致非高学术创业者角色协同的路径有两条，且与高学术创业者角色协同驱动机制存在非对称关系。结论有助于揭示驱动学术创业者角色协同各因素间的组态关系，为学术创业政策设计提供启示。

The Configuration Effect of Antecedents of Academic Entrepreneurs' Role Synergy

Academic entrepreneurship connects scientific knowledge creation and scientific value realization through the entrepreneurial activities of academic entrepreneurs, effectively shortening the time of transformation from new knowledge to new products, and it has become one of the important ways to lead the development of new industrial forms and new economy. Therefore it attracts wide attention from the theoretical and practical circles. An academic entrepreneur is both a scientist and an entrepreneur, which means that he/she strides across the academic and the commercial field. Withthe dual embedding of academic and business fields, academic entrepreneurs face the role conflicts caused by the dual standards of subjective norms, behavior patterns, ability demands and result evaluation in the two fields, which is not conducive to the sustainability of academic entrepreneurship and the improvement of enterprise growth performance. Thus, scientists engaged in the field of business need to achieve balance and stability in the interaction between the role of entrepreneur and scientist, so as to complete role synergy. Academic entrepreneur’s role synergy has become a key force for scientists to generate sustained entrepreneurial commitment and promote the development of academic entrepreneurial enterprises. As the balance between self-concept and behavioral meaning, academic entrepreneur's role synergy is a complex result of multiple factors. Existing researches on the role synergy of academic entrepreneurs mainly focus on the net effect analysis of the independent effect of a single factor, ignoring the existence of multiple concurrent conditions.#br#On the basis ofthe existing literature analysis and in-depth interviews with six academic entrepreneurs, this paper extracts the driving factors of academic entrepreneur's role synergy. Then, 37 academic entrepreneurs are selected as sample cases, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (FsQCA) is used to explore the asymmetric causal relationship and the impact of multiple levels of conditions on academic entrepreneurs' role synergy.#br#The results show that cognitive flexibility is a necessary condition for role synergy,and there are three configurations that bring role synergy, with each configuration containing a meaningful combination of different conditions. Factors involved in different configuration play both synergistic and substitution impact. When cognitive flexibility and government support are strong, as long as family support is strong, or entrepreneurial teams with heterogeneity are established, or institutions of universities are relatively perfect, high academic entrepreneurs' role synergy can be achieved. Meanwhile, there are two inhibitory mechanisms for the non-high role synergy of academic entrepreneurs. #br#This paper reveals the configuration relationship among factors of academic entrepreneurs' role synergy. It has some theoretical contributions. Firstly, existing studies focus on the driving factors of academic entrepreneurship, that is, the analysis of "why scholars choose academic entrepreneurship". On this basis, this paper extends it to analyze what factors drive scholars to construct academic entrepreneurs' role synergy after they establish academic entrepreneurial intention. The research results are of certain value for understanding different role states of academic entrepreneurs. Secondly, there are few empirical studies on the role management of academic entrepreneurs, and most of them adopt the method of linear regression for test, failing to pay attention to the complex causality between variables, and failing to reveal the complex process of role synergy under the influence of multiple factors. This paper uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method ,which is helpful to improve the explanation of the academic entrepreneur role synergy phenomenon. The research findings also have instructive significance in practice. First of all, in the context of Chinese system, government support for typical externalities and guiding characteristics can increase the visibility of academic entrepreneurs. Therefore, governments at all levels should refine academic entrepreneurship policies at the national level based on the characteristics of local industrial development. Secondly, the universities should also change their concepts, formulate feasible detailed supporting measures, and deal with the "last kilometer" problem of policies. Finally, scientists themselves should recognize the significance of academic entrepreneurship for the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy, consciously switch their attention and cultivate their own cognitive flexibility to make breakthroughs.#br#