组态视角下考虑伙伴重复性的联盟组合创新绩效提升路径研究

创新绩效是衡量联盟组合效果的重要指标，也是企业组建联盟的首选目标之一。基于2014—2020年我国15家医药制造企业数据，运用模糊集定性比较分析法和二维复合变量对联盟组合规模进行测度，从组态视角分析联盟数量、伙伴重复性、联盟组合管理能力对联盟组合创新绩效的作用机理，获取多条高创新绩效提升路径。结果发现，实现高创新绩效有两条路径，分别为中等联盟数量和中等伙伴重复性组态路径、中等联盟数量和高联盟组合管理能力组态路径。因此，企业在构建联盟组合过程中应根据适度原则，控制联盟数量和伙伴重复性；同时，从前瞻规划、组合构建、关系优化和组合协调4个方面提高联盟组合管理能力，这为企业联盟组合管理实践提供了重要启示。

The Performance Improvement Path of Alliance Portfolio Innovation Considering Partner Repeatability from the Perspective of Portfolio

Innovation performance is an important index to measure the effect of alliance combination, and it is the primary goal of enterprises to establish alliance combination. In the highly competitive business environment, enterprises usually maintain diversified alliance combinations to improve their competitive position. As an effective way to improve the innovation performance of enterprises, alliance combination has been widely used. However, the alliance portfolio still faces many challenges, such as the continuous growth of the quantity of alliance portfolio, excessive dependence on a single or a small number of partners, insufficient alliance portfolio management ability and so on. In response to these problems, this research explores the path of how to achieve high innovation performance in alliance portfolio, that is, the relationship between the quantity of alliances, partner repeatability and the impact of alliance portfolio management ability on innovation performance. From the perspective of configuration, this paper brings the quantity of alliances and partner repeatability into the alliance portfolio scale system, and applies the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to explain the quantity of alliances. The complex relationship between partner repeatability and alliance portfolio management ability on innovation performance further helps to find an effective path to achieve high innovation performance.#br#　Through the systematic combing and analysis of scholars' existing research, it is found that the quantity of alliances, partner repeatability and alliance portfolio management ability in the scale of alliance portfolio has an important impact on the innovation performance of alliance portfolio, and the synergy of many factors needs to be considered. Therefore, this study explores the complex problem of innovation performance from a diversified and overall perspective, uses fsQCA method to find the antecedents of high innovation performance of alliance portfolio, and constructs the corresponding research model. It analyzes the combined effects of alliance number, partner repeatability and alliance portfolio management ability, and identifies the various configurations between different paths and conditions that bring high innovation performance.#br#　This paper selects the pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises in the primary industrial industry as the initial sample. Because the duration of the alliance portfolio is usually 5 years and its termination time is rarely disclosed to the outside world, combined with the existing research, the mobile time window of the alliance activity is set to 5 years, taking into account the lack of enterprise alliance data and the time lag effect of patent application approval, Finally, 15 domestic pharmaceutical enterprises are selected as the research object of this paper. the quantity of alliances, partner repeatability and alliance portfolio management ability are set as the conditional variables,and innovation performance is set as the outcome variable to explore the innovation path which brings high innovation performance.#br#　The results show that the influence mechanism of alliance portfolio innovation performance is the concurrent mechanism of multiple factor combination. The three factors of alliance number, partner repeatability and alliance portfolio management ability can not constitute the necessary conditions for high innovation performance alone, indicating that the explanation of a single conditional variable on innovation performance is weak, and the joint influence of multiple factors can form high innovation performance. There are two paths to form high innovation performance of alliance portfolio: (1) the quantity of medium alliances and medium partner repeatability show the importance of partner repeatability, indicating that the influence relationship between partner repeatability and innovation performance presents an inverted U-shape;(2)the path of medium alliance number and high alliance portfolio management capability emphasizes the role of alliance portfolio management capability. It is confirmed that the higher the alliance portfolio management capability, the greater the impact on the improvement of alliance portfolio innovation performance.#br#　This paper brings the quantity of alliances, partner repeatability and alliance portfolio management ability into the same research framework to analyze their impact on innovation performance, and it makes up for the shortcomings of traditional empirical research methods. The research results of this paper have certain guiding significance for enterprises to form alliances and innovate. (1) In terms of alliance quantity control, alliance combination should take certain measures to control the quantity of alliances in order to achieve high innovation performance.(2) In terms of partner repeatability improvement, enterprises should pay attention to the principle of moderation to improve partner repeatability. (3) In the aspect of improving alliance portfolio management capability, corresponding improvement strategies can be put forward for different dimensions of alliance portfolio management capability. (4) Enterprises should set up corresponding safeguard measures to ensure the smooth implementation of the optimization scheme.#br#