企业网络、大数据能力与商业模式创新机制研究——基于fsQCA方法的实证分析

商业模式创新是企业竞争优势的重要来源，在当前激烈竞争的环境下，企业间竞争不仅是产品竞争，更是商业模式竞争。基于组态视角和集合论思想，从企业网络与大数据能力匹配视角，运用模糊集定性比较分析fsQCA方法，对15家新零售企业商业模式创新案例进行研究，构建新零售企业商业模式创新匹配模型。结果发现，有4类促进新零售企业商业模式创新的牵引条件构型：网络体系建立助力型、资源整合能力促进型、深度分析能力弥补型和信息资源共享推动型，且每条路径间存在等效性。结论丰富了商业模式创新领域研究，可为企业实施商业模式创新提供理论支持和借鉴。

Research on Enterprise Network,Big Data Capability and Business Model Innovation Mechanism

The modern industry environment is complex and changeable.As an important means for enterprises to cope with the changeable economic environment, business model innovation is the core of enterprises to maintain competitive advantage.In the current fierce competition environment, the competition among enterprises does not only refer to product competition, but also business model competition.The business model competition among enterprises is not only the competition among quality, service and production cost, but also has developed into the network competition among enterprises including suppliers, competitors, distributors and other stakeholders.Under the constraint of resources, enterprises are confronted with the problem of lack of resources, and it is more and more difficult for a single enterprise to adapt to the increasingly complex dynamic environment.It is crucial for enterprises to innovate their business models by building enterprise networks to participate in market competition.Driven by the development of science and technology, big data is reshaping the business model of enterprises, and big data capability has become an important driving force for the business model innovation of enterprises.According to the existing research, enterprise network and big data capability are the key factors affecting the business model innovation of enterprises.In the process of innovation, the combination of enterprise resources and capabilities can effectively promote the business model innovation of enterprises.There is a nonlinear relationship between business model innovation, enterprise network, big data capability, and other variables in which many conditions work together, and it is an interdependent and highly complex whole.Most of the previous studies focused on the influence of a single factor on the business model innovation of enterprises.They focused on the influence of external driving factors such as emerging technologies on the business model innovation of enterprises, or considered the influence of the matching of more factors and network embedding on the business model innovation of enterprises, but ignored the influence of the multiple concurrent factors and multiple paths on the business model innovation of enterprises.Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is suitable for studying the influence of synergy between different elements on the business model innovation of enterprises, and exploring multiple paths leading to the same result.Based on the configuration perspective and set theory, this study adopted fsQCA method to explore the influence mechanism of enterprise network and big data capabilities on the business model innovation of new retail enterprises from two aspects of resources and capabilities.Specifically, this study takes 15 new retail enterprises as the research object.According to the theoretical logic of "resources-capabilities- synergy", this study defines enterprise network as information resource sharing, organizational learning and network system establishment, and defines big data capability as resource integration capability, in-depth analysis capability and real-time insight and prediction capability.By using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method, this paper explores the phenomenon of the business model innovation of enterprises, and deeply digs out the influence mechanism and paths of different configurations composed of the above six conditions on business model innovation from two levels of resources and capabilities.The empirical analysis results show that there are four types of traction condition configurations to promote the business model innovation of new retail enterprises: network system establishment type, resource integration ability booster type, depth analysis ability supplement type and information resource sharing booster type.There is equivalence among the four paths.The business model innovation is a complicated process.Facing the complicated and dynamic environment, the process of business model innovation of new retail enterprises will be more complicated.Based on the configuration perspective and set theory, this study mainly explores two research questions: how can enterprise network and big data capabilities cooperate to promote enterprise business model innovation? What are the influencing mechanism and paths of the business model innovation of new retail enterprises? The conclusions of this paper can provide theoretical support and reference for enterprises to implement the business model innovation.In addition, our research also has some contributions in theory.(1)Our research reveals the interaction mechanism between enterprise network and big data capabilities.We use QCA method to study the influence of synergy among different elements on business model innovation, and find that there is substitution effect among elements.(2)We introduce the fsQCA method into the research field of business model innovation of new retail enterprises, which enriches the theoretical research in this field.(3)Based on the theoretical logic of "resources-capabilities- synergy ", we find that configuration matching between enterprise network and big data capabilities can promote business model innovation.It is not limited to the positive influence of a single factor on business model innovation, but from the overall perspective of resources and capabilities, this paper explains the influence mechanism of configuration matching between enterprise network and big data capability on business model innovation, and expands the research perspective in the field of business model innovation.