产学研融合程度对科技型中小企业创新绩效的影响

构建产学研深度融合的技术创新体系，是我国为应对当前复杂多变的国际环境、满足新时代高质量发展要求的重要战略。基于产学研融合内涵，构建微观层面企业产学研融合程度综合评价模型，实证检验产学研融合程度对科技型中小企业创新绩效的影响以及环境不确定性的调节作用。结果表明，我国科技型中小企业产学研融合广度、深度和频度总体均呈波动上升趋势，正逐步迈向深度融合阶段；产学研融合广度和深度对科技型中小企业创新绩效具有正向影响，产学研融合频度对科技型中小企业创新绩效具有负向影响；环境不确定性会增强产学研融合广度对科技型中小企业创新绩效的正向影响，削弱产学研融合深度对科技型中小企业创新绩效的正向影响，增强产学研融合频度对科技型中小企业创新绩效的负向影响。结论可拓展产学研合作相关研究，发展产学研融合理论，为解决我国科技型中小企业产学研融合效率偏低、机制不佳等问题提供实践指导。

The Impact of Industry-University-Research Integration Degree on Innovation Performance of High-tech Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

It is a Chinese major strategy of building deep-integrated industry-university-research (IUR) technological innovation system to cope with the current complex changing international environment and fulfill domestic requirements of high-quality development. Under this background, more and more high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have taken the path of IUR integration, and chosen to frequently form high-quality alliances with universities or research institutes within multiple fields, in order to obtain complementary external resources and recombine them with internal resources, ultimately achieving high-quality innovation performance and rapid firm growth. However, since IUR deep integration is a new practical phenomena and theoretical problem, rigorous academic at home and abroad research just started. At present, there are only a few studies on IUR deep integration only focusing on the concepts, organizational models, operating mechanisms, and evolution paths. Specifically at first the existing research on IUR integration still remains at macro level, instead of systematically exploring the phenomenon of firm-level IUR integration from micro level, failing to provide theoretical supports to firms’ practices of IUR integration. Secondly, limited by the ambiguity and complexity of the phenomenon of IUR integration, existing research has not yet touched on the measurement or evaluation of IUR integration degree, and no mature quantitative measurement indicators have been established to measure the degree of firm-level IUR integration. Thirdly, although the influencing results of IUR integration are extensive in practices, the current academic community pays little attention to the performance effects of IUR integration, and only a few studies use qualitative research methods such as case studies to explore the mechanism of the effects of IUR integration. No quantitative empirical analyses have been conducted before, which cannot guide high-tech SMEs to improve their innovation performance through IUR integration. In addition, in the past research on IUR cooperation at micro level, two-dimension indicators, namely breadth and depth, were used to measure the degree of IUR cooperation from the aspect of large listed firms, which cannot reflect the true connotation of deep integration requirements of deep and close cooperative relationship in IUR integration and cannot fully measure the degree of IUR integration. Taken together, this paper raises the following research questions. To what extent and under what conditions does the degree of IUR integration affect the innovation performance of high-tech SMEs? #br#Given the above research gaps, based on analyses the macro and micro connotation of IUR integration, this paper first constructed a three-indicator comprehensive evaluation model of IUR integration from aspects of breadth, depth, and frequency. Second, this paper theoretically hypothesized and analyzed the impact of IUR integration breadth, depth and frequency on the innovation performance of high-tech SMEs, as well as the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. Third, this paper constructed unbalanced panel data of 150 listed manufacturing firms on the Chinese Growth Enterprises Market (GEM) Board from 2013 to 2017 in order to empirically test the impacts of IUR integration breadth, depth, and frequency on the innovation performances of high-tech SMEs and the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. #br#Results show that firstly In recent years, IUR integration breadth, depth and frequency of Chinese high-tech SMEs have risen with fluctuations, gradually moving towards a stage of deep integration; secondly IUR integration breadth and depth have significant positive impacts on the innovation performance of high-tech SMEs; thirdly IUR integration frequency has significant negative impact on the innovation performance of high-tech SMEs; and fourthly environment uncertainty strengthens the positive relationship between IUR integration breadth and innovation performance of high-tech SMEs, weakens the positive relationship between IUR integration depth and innovation performance of high-tech SMEs and strengthens the negative relationship between IUR integration frequency and innovation performance of high-tech SMEs. #br#On the one hand, this paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation model of firm-level IUR integration from three dimensions of the breadth, depth and frequency and realized the quantitative evaluation using scientific methods and objective data, making up for the shortcomings of previous studies that mainly focused on analyses from the macro perspective. On the other hand, this paper theoretically hypothesized and empirically analyzed the influencing mechanism of IUR integration on innovation performances of high-tech SMEs and the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty on these relationships, contributing to relevant research on IUR integration as well as expanding domestic and foreign related research on the performance impacts of IUR cooperation. Moreover this paper provides certain practical guidance for improving low-efficient IUR integration with poor mechanism and institutional environment that facilitates IUR integration.#br#