装备制造企业数字化转型水平测度——基于陕西省调研数据的实证研究

数字技术作为数字经济与实体经济的融合剂，通过大数据、人工智能、工业互联网等多种形式推动全球发展进入以数据驱动和智能化发展为特征的全新时期，并激发越来越多装备制造企业开启数字化转型升级道路。以装备制造企业数字化转型机制要素为主要内容，构建装备制造企业数字化转型水平测度评价指标体系，并以随机选取的28家陕西省规模以上装备制造企业调研数据为研究样本，采用熵权TOPSIS评价法和因子分析法对数字化转型水平进行测度。结果表明，陕西装备制造企业数字化转型整体水平不高，转型速度较慢。为此，从加大政府政策引导与资金投入力度、加强企业数字化转型基础设施建设、完善数字化转型人才引培体系以及促进产业链协同创新发展4个方面提出加快陕西装备制造企业数字化转型升级的建议。

An Empirical Study on the Level of Digitization Transformation of Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises：Based on the Survey Data of Shaanxi Province

As a fusion agent of digital economy and real economy, digital technology, in the form of big data, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet, has pushed global development into a new era characterized by data-driven and intelligent development, and has inspired more and more equipment manufacturing enterprises to start digital transformation and upgrading. With the development of digital economy, many scholars have studied the relationship between digital technology and manufacturing enterprises, mainly including industrial digitalization and digital industrialization, digital technology promotion of the transformation and upgradation of manufacturing enterprises, and measurement of the integration level of digital technology and manufacturing enterprises.#br#Firstly, the digital transformation mechanism is analyzed from two aspects: the external environment and internal manifestation faced by equipment manufacturing enterprises. The external environment mainly includes government regulations, the increasingly fierce competition among enterprises, the increasing personalized needs of users and the rapid development of digital technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and 5G technology. Internal factors mainly include four aspects: modernization of enterprise management mode, digitization of product life cycle process, enrichment of digital products and flattening of enterprise organization structure. There is a steady exchange of information between external environment and digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises, thus forming a benign ecosystem. In this ecosystem, the interaction of internal and external factors constructs the digital transformation mechanism and promotes the digital transformation process of equipment manufacturing enterprises.#br#According to the internal mechanism of the digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises and the measurement standard of the transformation level, this paper studied the digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises from the four dimensions of management mode reform, organizational structure reorganization, intelligent production process and service mode innovation by the methods of literature review, brainstorming, in-depth investigation and interview, and put forward the 12 first-level indicators and 23 second-level indicators and constructed the evaluation index system of digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises. In order to further optimize the index structure, with the evaluation index of digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises, this paper uses Delphi method to solicit the opinions and suggestions of experts and scholars again, and finally 9 first-class indexes and 17 second-class indexes were optimized as the measurement index system of digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises.#br#After the establishment of the evaluation index system, 28 equipment manufacturing enterprises above designated scale in Shaanxi Province were randomly selected for questionnaire investigation. A total of 560 questionnaires were distributed and 412 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 73.6%. The reliability and validity of the survey data was the data support of the research,and the TOPSIS evaluation method of entropy weight and factor analysis were used to measure and analyze the level of digital transformation.#br#The empirical results show that the overall level of digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Shaanxi is not high, and the transformation speed is slow. According to the research results, the ways to speed up the digital transformation and upgrading of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Shaanxi are put forward from four aspects: increasing government policy guidance and capital investment, accelerating the infrastructure construction of digital transformation of enterprises, improving the introduction and training system of digital transformation talents and promoting the collaborative innovation and development of industrial chain.#br#