知识产权、技术标准与平台生态系统竞争力研究

现代企业之间的竞争逐渐演化成商业生态系统之间的竞争，而平台生态系统是应用最为普遍的一种商业生态系统。平台生态系统竞争的本质在于创新，以创新为基础的知识产权和技术标准成为决定平台竞争力的关键要素。在界定知识产权和技术标准内涵的基础上，从设计方法视角阐述平台生态系统竞争力形成过程，揭示知识产权和技术标准对于平台生态系统竞争的影响，分析两者对平台生态系统的作用机理。研究表明，知识产权和技术标准是形成平台竞争力的源泉，影响平台网络外部性，其中知识产权是建立技术标准的基础，技术标准是推动知识产权创造的动力，二者之间的互动和演进构成平台生态系统外部竞争力。

Research on Intellectual Property,Technical Standards and Competitiveness of Platform Ecosystem

The emergence of the platform ecosystem is changing the way and elements of market competition, and the market competition is gradually changing from product competition, enterprise competition, supply chain competition to platform competition. The innovation achievements represented by intellectual property and technical standards directly affect the linking ability and network effect of the platform, and determine the development space and economic interests of the members of the platform ecosystem. On the one hand, enterprises set up technical barriers through intellectual property and technical standards to keep market dominance in the competition; on the other hand, through the authorized use of intellectual property and technical standards, they broke the original technical system and monopoly pattern, led technological development, occupied the commanding heights of industry and upgraded products to the platform. Especially driven by information technology and standard interface rules, companies can configure and assemble products globally more easily , and link directly to end users through the platform. Since the 21st century, platformization has gradually replaced modularization as the basis of industrial competition, and product platformization, enterprise platformization and enterprise ecosystem platformization have become a trend. At present, the research on the platform ecosystem remains in organization, architecture, governance and other aspects. The research on the relationship between intellectual property and technical standards and the competitiveness of the platform ecosystem is rarely touched in previous studies, especially the technological evolution process of the formation of the platform ecosystem and the interaction mechanism among the three have not yet been clarified. This paper analyzes the formation of the platform ecosystem from the perspective of design methodology, elicits the role and value of intellectual property and technical standards in the platform ecosystem, and explores the interaction mechanism among the three.#br#Technological progress is the fundamental force for the development and growth of the platform ecosystem. As two complementary systems of the platform ecosystem, intellectual property and platform technical standards have become the direct source of platform competitiveness and an important support for network externalities. On the one hand, the application of intellectual property and the formation of technical standards can gather more enterprises to participate in open innovation, which accelerates the process of platform product innovation. Once the opportunity is seized to form a snowball effect, it can quickly become the competitiveness of the platform. On the other hand, platform ecosystem competitiveness is built on platform products, which is the result of the application of advanced design methodologies. During the evolution of design methods, intellectual property and technical standards are both the driving force and the main achievements of technological evolution. From the perspective of the evolution of modern design methods, it starts from the intensive stage and gradually changes to the stages of standardized design, modular design, platform design and so on. The innovation achievements represented by intellectual property and technical standards are more abundant, and the efficiency of resource allocation is higher. The platform ecosystem adopts standardized interfaces and modular packaging technology, which lowers the access threshold and improves the convenience of member companies’ participation. The participation of any party will enhance the value of the platform, thereby attracting the interaction and participation of other interdependent parties, so that the welfare of all parties will increase and form the network externalities of the platform ecosystem.#br#Intellectual property are the basis, main body and core element of technical standards, and the evolution of technical standards into platform standards are the preferred choices of the platform ecosystem. When forming technical standards, intellectual property can help enterprises improve their negotiation capabilities, increase gaming chips, gain the initiative to formulate technical standards, and incorporate patents into technical standards as a mainstream trend. Technical standards are the driving force for the development of intellectual property and an important way to achieve technology diffusion. The continuous evolution and updating of technical standards promote the output of intellectual property, further enrich the platform ecology, and enhance the system's resource gathering capacity. The collaborative evolution of intellectual property and technical standards promotes the innovation and integration of platform stakeholders, which not only benefits the formation of the platform ecosystem and provides a technical foundation for the connectivity, openness and network externalities of the platform ecosystem, but also reduces the innovation risk and innovation cost of the platform ecosystem. To a certain extent, it enhances the technological superiority of the platform ecosystem.#br#