二元体制下我国军民融合深度发展的法治实施困境与对策

军民融合发展是统筹经济建设与国防建设、实现富国强军与构建一体化国家战略体系和能力的必由之路。我国军民融合从初步融合走向深度融合，涉及多方主体的关系调整与利益重塑，需要在法治轨道上通过法律规范与法律运行两个维度整合各类主体力量、配置各类要素资源。目前，军民融合法治实施受制于“军”“民”二元分离体制结构的现实约束，在法律规范层面处于制度供给不完备状态，在法律运行层次面临主体实践不协调困境。二元体制下破解军民融合深度发展的法治实施困境，宜从静态规范层面和动态运行层面综合调整军民融合行为。一方面，通过适时制定和颁布具有统一效力的军民融合发展法，清理、废止和修订不适应军民融合发展需要的法律法规和政策文件，在规范层面建立健全统一完备的军民融合发展法律法规体系；另一方面，探索建立“委员会统一领导、各小组分工负责”的军民融合法治实施领导体制和统一领导、军地协调、顺畅高效的军地联合法律执行机制，形成诉调对接、诉仲结合的军民融合案件多元化纠纷解决机制暨法律适用机制，在法律运行层面建立协调高效的军民融合发展法律实施体系。

The Dilemma and Countermeasures in Law Enforcement Process of Chinese Military-Civilian Integration Based on the Military-Civilian Dual Structure

Military-civilian integration development is the only way to coordinate economic and national defense construction, realize the goal that the people are rich and the country is prosperous under the unification of national strategic system. China's military-civilian integration has moved from preliminary stage to deep integration, involving the adjustment of the relationship and reshaping of interests of multiple parties. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate various main forces and allocate various element resources through the two dimensions of legal system and legal operations in accordance with law. At present, the law enforcement of military-civilian integration is subject to the actual constraints of the military-civilian dual structure. Chinese military-civilian integration is in a state of incomplete system supply at the legal level of legal system and faces the dilemma of uncoordinated practice at the level of legal operation. To solve the dilemma of law enforcement in the deep development of military-civilian integration under the practical system, it is advisable to comprehensively adjust military-civilian integration behavior from the rule of law. On the one hand, we should formulate and promulgate a unified and effective Military-Civilian Integration Development Law in a timely manner; On the other hand, we should establish a military civilian integration rule of law implementation leadership system of unified leadership of the committee and group responsibility and an efficient military-civilian joint law enforcement mechanism.#br#The legal protection system consists of formal legal sources such as laws and regulations (hard law) and informal legal sources such as policy opinions (soft law).With the military-civilian integration entering the stage of in-depth development, it has become increasingly important. For a long time after the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has been implementing the national defense priority construction mode in the whole peacetime and wartime, which better meets the needs of national defense construction under the planned economy. After the reform and opening-up, the government gradually shifted the focus to economic development, and the leadership and management functions of national defense construction were divided to some extent. Gradually a military-civilian dual structure was formed in which economic construction and national defense construction were relatively isolated and operated independently. Under the dual system of military civilian separation, the whole national innovation system is actually divided into two independent operating systems, namely, civil science and technology innovation system and national defense science and technology innovation system. Under the mapping of military-civilian dual structure, there are many problems in Military-Civilian Integration legal norm system.#br#Therefore, the construction of legal protection in military-civilian Integration should focus on the establishment of a unified and complete legal policy system, and constantly consolidate the institutional basis for the implementation of the rule of law. At the same time, we should improve the coordinated and efficient implementation system of the rule of law in military-civilian integration process, exert the power of institutional innovation through the practice in military-civilian integration to promote mutual benefit between military and civilian policies, co-construction and sharing of resources and joint training of talents, and realize the importance of military-civilian integration resources, so as to promote more new technologies, new products, new formats and new modes to serve national defense construction and economic development.#br#