价值链视角下应急物资保障管理机制研究

应急物资保障管理是突发公共事件中实施救助处置的重要支撑和保障，直接影响紧急救援的反应速度和应急成效。然而，应急物资保障管理是一体化、多维度的运行系统，某一环节的缺失或效力不足都会影响到整个体系的运行成效。基于价值链理论视角，结合疫情防控中应急物资保障实践，对应急物资保障管理机制进行深入探究。从决策层、管理层和运行层3个维度建立应急物资保障管理价值链模型，深度剖析我国应急物资管理在协同保障过程中各环节的价值作用。研究发现，外部要素主导指挥的决策驱动系统、辅助要素强力支撑的决策调控系统以及基本要素相互调适的决策核心系统，共同构成完整的应急物资保障管理价值链及决策机制。在此基础上给出相应政策建议，以期为提升应急物资援助效力、完善国家应急物资保障体系提供借鉴。

Research on the Management Mechanism of Emergency Material Support from the Perspective of the Value Chain

The reasonable support and management mechanism of emergency material is a key link in improving the emergency material reserve system, a supporting force for responding to emergencies, and an important cornerstone for improving the modernization level of the governance system and governance capacity. As a complex structural system involving multiple subjects, elements, and links the efficient operation of the emergency materials support and management mechanism requires the coordination of all links, responding quickly and effectively to the deployment of relief materials for major emergencies. However, there is a lack effective connection and interaction among the various entities in our country's emergency material support and management system , the relationship between various elements and links are not connected closely enough, showing a trend of fragmented operation. From the perspective of the value chain, an in-depth study of the emergency material support and management mechanism is carried out combined with the practice of emergency material support in the prevention and control of the COVID-19. Taking the emergency management plan proposed by the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council as the main concept, we apply the theoretical framework of the value chain to arrange the value activities in the operating mechanism of emergency material support and management with adjustment of the traditional value chain model according to the unique public welfare characteristics of emergency material support and management, refining value chain and decision-making mechanism structure from three dimensions of the decision-making layer, the management layer and the operation layer to build an emergency material guarantee and management value chain model.#br#The value activities of emergency material support and management are divided into basic activities and support activities. Among them, the basic value activities include emergency material procurement, storage, transportation and distribution. The support value activities include management and services between government departments, organizations and enterprises, such as information technology, human resources, legal standards, institutional and mechanisms. The basic value activities and support value activities are independent but closely linked and support each other, and they work together to constitute the value chain of emergency material support and management. The basic value activities mainly focus on the operation layer of the emergency material and management value chain, which runs through the entire process of the supply and allocation of emergency materials, including procurement, storage, transportation and distribution. These elements are in synergy with each other and play a unique and valuable function which guarantees the entire emergency material support and management value chain. The support value activities are distributed in the decision-making layer and the management layer of the emergency material support and management mechanism, jointly playing a supporting role in the implementation of the basic value activities in the operation layer.#br#A complete emergency material support and management value chain and decision-making mechanism should be composed of an external factor decision-driving system with government command as the core, a decision-making control system strongly supported by auxiliary elements and a decision-making core system with mutual debugging of basic elements. The introduction of the chain system is to promote the connection between internal elements and external elements, basic value and support value activities, and establish a more efficient emergency material support and management mechanism, thereby create synergy and achieve optimal value. Based on the above ideas,we carry out the case study of Wuhan epidemic prevention and control practice, and make an in-depth analysis of the application advantages and practical problems of the emergency material support and management value chain model and decision-making mechanism. #br#Finally, corresponding suggestions are put forward. The first is to establish a cooperative and synergetic mechanism, namely, we should improve the leadership and command mechanism, optimize the scientific strategic layout to improve the mobilization response mechanism, and build a public opinion information platform for emergency materials as well as improve the emergency material supply mechanism and the efficiency of aid transportation. The second is to build an integrated emergency guarantee system for material procurement, storage, transportation and distribution, including forming the diversified paths for emergency material procurement, strengthening the scientific layout of emergency material regional storage, implementing the delicacy management of emergency material transportation, and promoting the intelligent mode of emergency material distribution. The third is to improve the management level of emergency material support, including improving emergency material guarantee management regulations and policies, building the information sharing platforms for monitoring, tracking and risk assessment, and cultivating the professional and efficient emergency material support and management talent team.#br#