中国适应气候变化的科技政策变迁与展望

适应气候变化的科技政策是该领域科技活动的重要保障。以2007—2020年期间212份适应气候变化的中央科技政策文件作为分析样本，采用共词和聚类方法，分析不同时期适应性科技政策主题聚焦点演进和变化。研究结果显示，“技术研发”“技术成果应用推广”“资金保障”“监测应急能力发展规划”“水利科技发展支持”等主题发生了明显的政策逻辑变迁。整体来看，适应性科技政策呈现密切结合国家气候适应战略演进而深化发展的特点，未来中国适应气候变化的科技政策应进一步引导适应技术科研方向，助力气候适应科技成果转化，提供财政、信息等资源支持。

The Change and Prospect of China's Science and Technology Policy on Adaptation to Climate Change

The climate crisis is a major dilemma for global environmental governance, and since the 1990s, most countries have gradually realized the seriousness of climate change and started to take action. In the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), adaptation and mitigation are regarded as the two main pathways to address the issue of climate change. With the goal of reducing system vulnerability and improving climate risk prevention and control, climate change adaptation is gradually becoming the focus of attention across the world. Scientific and technological advances and applications are the cornerstones of all adaptation activities, and scientific research and technological innovation are necessary for understanding the facts and causes of climate change so as to take effective climate adaptation measures. Based on the classification of adaptation technologies, this paper defines science and technology policy for climate change adaptation as a general term for public policies formulated by the government to guide, regulate and constrain the development, application and industrialization of engineering measures, new technologies, nature-based solutions and soft technologies for climate change adaptation. It explores the evolutionary stages and trajectory of China's central science and technology policy for climate change adaptation, and makes suggestions for improving the science and technology policy system for climate change adaptation.#br#This paper is based on the climate change adaptation policies issued by the central government, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the China Meteorological Administration, and the State Forestry and Grassland Administration since 2007, and collects relevant policy documents through the official government website and the database of Peking University. After eliminating the duplicate and irrelevant policy documents, this paper selects 212 central science and technology policy documents on climate change adaptation in China from 2007 to 2020, including laws, decisions, implementation measures, programs, plans and other government documents. It constructs theme words for each policy document, and chooses the high-frequency theme words according to the frequency of thematic words. The policy focus of different periods is determined through co-word and cluster analysis, and the logic of the evolution of the central science and technology policy for climate change adaptation is discovered.#br#From 2007 to 2010, the policy focus is on the projects in key areas of climate change adaptation, climate adaptation publicity, comprehensive observation capacity and data platform construction, financial support, as well as talent guarantee and technology development planning in key areas. The period of 2011-2015 is the policy deepening stage, the policy focus is on financial investment in adaptation projects, sponge city construction and its financial support, research and development of resilient species and intellectual property protection. The period of 2016-2020 is the mature evolutionary stage, and the focus of the policy is to provide financial support for pest control, transformation and promotion of resilient technologies and other technologies, demonstration of pioneering water conservancy technologies, R&D institutional innovation, and education and data management in key areas and so on.#br#By analyzing the policy focus of each phase, it can be concluded that, first, the trend of adaptation technology research and development, talent training has been a stable evolution; second, the theme of adaptation technology promotion and application is constantly changing; third, financial support for adaptation technology should be provided in more detailed fields, and the direction of capital investment should be more targeted; the fourth is to monitor emergency response capacity to ensure the development of more stable areas; taking water conservancy technology as the fifth, as an important technical area of climate change adaptation, the policy of safeguarding water technology has been changing.#br#Combined with the analysis of the previous policy transmutation trajectory, the following suggestions are made to improve the central science and technology policy for climate change adaptation in China. First, governments are advised to continue to play a policy-oriented role to help technology research and development; second, the policy coverage should be expanded to support the whole field of climate adaptation; third, the policy tools should be enriched to improve the technology-oriented system and lastlyspecial policies should be formulated to clarify the tasks of adaptation science and technology.#br#