供应链企业间地理距离与组织距离对合作创新绩效的影响

显性地理距离与隐性组织距离作为影响供应链企业间合作创新绩效的关键因素日益引起学者们关注。采用实证研究法，深入探讨供应链企业间地理距离与组织距离对合作创新绩效的影响及中介机制，并分析地理距离对组织距离影响的调节效应。结果显示：地理距离、组织距离对合作创新绩效、新产品开发速度、新产品创新性具有显著负向影响；新产品创新性、新产品开发速度对合作创新绩效具有显著负向影响；新产品开发速度在地理距离、组织距离对合作创新绩效的影响过程中发挥中介作用，而新产品创新性不具中介作用；地理距离对组织距离与新产品开发速度间关系的影响不显著，但会强化组织距离对新产品创新性的负向影响。

The Influence of Geographical Distance and Organizational Distance between Supply Chain Enterprises on Cooperative Innovation Performance

As market demands become more diverse and individualized, firms need to develop new products faster, at lower cost, and with better quality to win customers and gain a greater competitive advantage in the marketplace. However, traditional product innovation has many limitations and can no longer meet the needs of rapidly changing markets, and firms need to collaborate with their external supply chain partners to create or maintain a competitive advantage. To improve collaborative innovation performance, firms must be aware of the important role that geographical and organizational distance play in the collaborative innovation process. However, previous research has not explored neither of the impact of geographic nor organizational distance on collaborative innovation performance and their mechanisms.#br#This paper takes manufacturing industry component suppliers as the research object, and after screening, questionnaires were distributed to 316 manufacturing component suppliers, and finally 141 valid questionnaires were obtained as data samples. The data collection and collation process of this paper is very rigorous, and the common deviation problem is tested by the marker variable method. Through the empirical research method, this paper thoroughly explores the influence of geographical distance and organizational distance between supply chain firms on cooperative innovation performance and its mediating mechanism, and analyzes the moderating effect of geographical distance on the influence of organizational distance.#br#The results show that geographical distance and organizational distance have significant negative effects on collaborative innovation performance, new product development speed and new product innovation; new product innovation and new product development speed have significant positive effects on collaborative innovation performance; new product development speed has a mediating role in the process of geographical distance and organizational distance affecting collaborative innovation performance, while new product innovation does not have a mediating role in it. The effect of geographical distance on the relationship between organizational distance and new product development speed is not significant, but it exacerbates the negative effect of organizational distance on new product innovation. Unlike previous studies, this study considers both geographic distance and organizational distance on collaborative innovation performance and explores the mechanisms of their interactions in depth, which to some extent makes up for the limitations of previous studies that only consider the role of a single factor. This study thus has implications for practice. First, when selecting supply chain partners for collaborative innovation, firms should consider the differences between them in terms of geographic location, organizational structure and arrangement as key factors, and avoid choosing supply chain partners with large geographical and organizational distances for collaborative innovation activities. Secondly, for supply chain partners who are cooperating in innovation, firms should understand each other’s differences in terms of geographic location, organizational structure and arrangement, and take active measures to actively promote the speed of new product development and the degree of innovation of new products, so as to promote the optimization of cooperative innovation performance. Thirdly, if there is indeed a large geographical and organizational distance between the firm and its existing supply chain partners, it is necessary toshorten the geographical distance between the border personnel of both sides, such as unifying and fixing the place for the border personnel to cooperate with both sides.#br#This study takes the urban rail transit industry as research object. In the future, more data from different industries can be obtained for analysis to improve the universality and application value of the research conclusion. In addition, the boundary conditions of geographical distance and organizational distance between supply chain enterprises affecting cooperative innovation performance have not been analyzed. So the key situational factors affecting the relationship between them and cooperative innovation performance, such as information technology governance can be explored next. Lastly longitudinal research design could be adopted in future research to accurately reveal and further test the causality between the main research variables.#br#