论房屋拆迁中土地使用权的收回模式——香港的启示

研究目的：解决中国房屋拆迁中，由于土地使用权收回程序的缺失以及制度路径的不明确给房屋拆迁带来的困境与弊端。研究方法：比较分析法和实证分析法。研究结果：（1）中国的房屋拆迁中缺失“国有土地使用权收回”的法律程序，造成房屋拆迁的合宪性危机；（2）中国香港地区通过“土地收回”与“强制售卖”的分类机制，在土地征收领域实现了良好的社会效果；（3）大陆地区对于因危房改建、旧城改造而引起的房地产开发应适用不同于公益事业的准司法机制。研究结论：建立“公益收回”与“有条件强制收回”的城市土地使用权双轨制收回制度是解决房屋拆迁各项矛盾的基础。

The Expropriation Mode of Land Use Right in House Demolition: Revelation of Hong Kong Mode

The purpose of the paper is to overcome the practical difficulties resulted from the absence of expropriation procedure of the right to use state-owned land. Comparative method and empirical analysis were employed. The results indicate:（1） the absence of expropriation procedure of state-owned land use right results in building demolition lacking of constitutional foundation;（2） the effect of land expropriation in Hong Kong is quite well by the system of land expropriation and compulsory transaction;（3） the real estate development in mainland by old house demolition and old town reconstruction should apply quasi-judicial mechanism which is different from public services. This double track system, i.e. taking back for public use and conditional expropriation, is the base for resolving all kinds of contradictions in urban building demolition.