创新生态系统价值共创：概念内涵、行为模式与动力机制

创新生态系统价值共创已成为学界、政界、业界共同关注的议题。基于复杂适应系统理论和社会交换理论，对创新生态系统价值共创的概念内涵、行为模式及动力机制进行系统性研究。结果发现，创新生态系统价值共创是价值创造核心主体、价值创造服务主体和价值创造推动主体等具有共生关系的价值创造共同体在某一主体协调下，围绕共同价值主张，为实现主体间互惠共赢而形成的复杂适应行为；构建创新生态系统“交换—关系”价值共创行为模式分析框架，挖掘“契约型”“关系型”“经济互惠型”和“社会协商型”4类价值共创行为模式；指出“开发—保护—释放—重组”的适应性循环和“互惠、协商、公平、信任”的交换规则是创新生态系统实现可持续价值共创的动力机制及重要保障。最后，提出未来研究展望。

Value Co-creation in Innovation Ecosystems: Concept Connotation,Behavior Modes and Dynamic Mechanisms

The theories of "value constellations" and "value network" and the perspectives on value co-creation in innovation ecosystems provide a novel paradigm for understanding complex innovation phenomenon. They emphasize the characteristics of nonlinearity, interactivity and discontinuity to value creation process, and focalize the cooperation, resource sharing and symbiotic evolution among actors. However, the inconsistency in the conceptualization of innovation ecosystem impedes the understanding of value co-creation, which in turn hinders the research of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems. Previous research has viewed this topic from the perspectives of strategic management, service marketing and information systems, with the focus on the behavioral logic of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems from a certain aspect rather than a systematical manner. Specifically, the strategic management perspective emphasizes the "co-production" relationships among producers, while the service marketing perspective highlights the co-creation of value within a user-driven value realization system, and the information system perspective views innovation ecosystems as affordance platforms. Previous research has revealed the complex mechanisms of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems to a certain extent, however, there is still the problem of research path dependence.This makes it more difficult to analyze the value co-creation cross multiple disciplines, resulting in the less systemic and comprehensive research and impedes the theory formation and practice development of the topic. Thus, there is an urgent need for a novel approach to comprehensively and systematically grasp the essence of value co-creation in innovation ecosystem.#br#Drawing on the complex adaptive systems and social exchange theories, this paper makes an in-de-depth deeply investigates the concept connotation, behavior modes and sustainable mechanisms of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems. To this end, this paper first conceptualizes the notion of innovation ecosystems by clarifying its basic elements, such as agent, structure, foundation, purpose and method. Then it deeply analyzes the behavior logic of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems and puts forward an analytical framework to analyze the specific modes of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems. It also reveals the dynamic mechanisms of innovative entities sustaining the co-creation of value. Finally, the conclusions and future research prospects are summarised.#br#The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. First,according to the complex adaptive system theory, it argues that value co-creation in innovation ecosystems is a complex adaptive behavior formed by the community of value creation core agents, value creation promotion agents, value creation service agents, and others who have symbiotic relationships with each other and are under a certain coordination effect to realize a common value proposition. Secondly this paper provides the basic assumptions, identifies the exchange types, and clarifies the exchange relationships of value co-creation to analyze the interactions among innovation agents, which opens up the “black box” of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems. Thirdly this paper constructs an exchange-relationship analytical framework of value co-creation behavior mode in innovation ecosystems, by which it proposes four value co-creation modes, i.e. the contractual, the economic reciprocal, the relational and the social negotiation value co-creation modes. Finally it expounds the view that the adaptive cycle of "exploitation-conservation-release-reorganization" and the exchange rules of "reciprocity-consensus-fairness-trust" are the key dynamic mechanisms to sustain the co-creation of value in innovation ecosystems.#br#This paper has made some contributions to the theoretical development of innovation ecosystems, however, it also has some limitations, for the study is just a tentative analysis of the concept connotation, behavior logic and modes, as well as dynamic mechanisms of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems. Further investigations on exploring more interesting research directions will always beexpected in future.#br#