中国乡村振兴水平的区域差异及收敛性研究

利用2006~2020年31省面板数据匹配构建乡村振兴水平评价指标体系，使用熵值法测度乡村振兴水平，采用Dagum基尼系数、变异系数法和空间杜宾模型考察我国及各区域乡村振兴水平的区域差异及贡献、σ收敛和空间β收敛性。研究发现：（1）我国乡村振兴水平大幅提升，随着振兴乡村不同阶段的演变，全国及各省的乡村振兴水平增速不断加快，乡村振兴战略实施取得显著成效，但各区域省份存在较为明显的不平衡发展。（2）全国及各区域乡村振兴发展的不均衡现象均有不同程度的减弱；中、西部的区域内差异均显著缩小，而东部不明显；东-西部的区域间差异大于中-西部和东-中部；区域间差异始终是乡村振兴水平总体差异的最主要来源，但其贡献率呈显著下降趋势，区域内差异和超变密度的贡献率则均有所上升。（3）全国及中、西部区域省份的乡村振兴水平均呈明显的σ收敛趋势，东部区域发散；全国及东、中、西部区域均存在绝对β收敛，收敛速度中部>西部>全国>东部；引入差异化特征后，全国及三大区域均存在条件β收敛，收敛速度中部>西部>东部>全国。（4）全国层面看，乡村振兴增长对邻近省份产生微弱的正向空间溢出；分地区视角下，一省乡村振兴增长因"虹吸效应"显著降低了邻近省份乡村振兴的增速；财政支农支出等因素的影响具有区域异质性。

Study of Regional Differences and Convergence in the Level of Rural Revitalization in China

The evaluation index system of rural revitalization level was constructed by matching panel data of 31 provinces from 2006 to 2020, and the level of rural revitalization was measured by using the entropy method, and the Dagum Gini coefficient, coefficient of variation method and spatial Durbin model were used to examine the regional differences and contributions, σ-convergence and spatial β-convergence of rural revitalization level in China and each region. The study found that:(1) The level of rural revitalization in China has increased significantly. With the evolution of the stage of revitalizing rural strategy, the growth rate of the level of rural revitalization in the country and in each province has been accelerated, and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy has achieved remarkable results, but there is a more obvious unbalanced development in each regional province. (2) The uneven development of rural revitalization nationwide and in all regions has weakened to different degrees; intra-regional differences in both central and western regions have significantly narrowed, while those in the east are insignificant; inter-regional differences in east-west are greater than those in central-west and east-central regions; inter-regional differences are always the most important source of overall differences in the level of rural revitalization, but their contribution rate tends to decline significantly, while the contribution rates of both intra-regional differences and super-variable density have increased. (3) The rural revitalization levels of the country and the provinces in the central and western regions show obvious σ-convergence, with the eastern region diverging; there is absolute β-convergence in the country and the eastern, central and western regions, with the convergence rate of central>western>national>eastern; after introducing the differentiation feature, there is conditional β-convergence in the country and the three regions, with the convergence rate of central>western>eastern>national. (4) At the national level, the growth of rural revitalization has a weak positive spatial spillover to neighboring provinces; from a sub-regional perspective, the growth of rural revitalization in one province significantly reduces the growth rate of rural revitalization in neighboring provinces due to the "siphon effect"; the influence of factors such as financial support for agriculture is regionally heterogeneous.