人工智能对劳动收入水平和收入差距的影响——理论解读与实证检验

人工智能的发展对劳动市场产生了深远影响，但其对劳动收入水平和收入差距的效应仍处于探索阶段，且定量评估不足，缺少行业层面的经验证据。本文基于Acemoglu&Restrepo(2018)的人工智能技术模型，并引入行业人工智能发展的非对称性变动，从智能渗透和边界延展两方面分析人工智能对劳动收入水平与技能收入差距的影响及机理，并通过2003—2020年中国行业面板数据进行实证检验。结果发现：(1)人工智能对劳动收入水平和技能收入差距具有显著影响。从长期来看，人工智能的发展可以提高劳动收入水平，缩小技能收入差距。(2)人工智能对低技能劳动收入水平的冲击显著大于对高技能劳动收入水平的冲击。(3)人工智能通过提升高低技能劳动力就业水平增加劳动收入水平，缩小技能收入差距。

THE IMPACTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON LABOR INCOME LEVEL AND INCOME GAP——Theoretical Interpretations and Empirical Tests

The development of artificial intelligence has had a far-reaching impact on the labor marketHowever，its influence on labor income level and income gap is still in the exploratory stage，and the quantitative evaluation is insufficient，lacking empirical evidence at the industry levelBased on the artificial intelligence technology model of Acemoglu & Restrepo （2018）and introducing the asymmetric change in the industrial AI development，this paper analyzes the impact and mechanism of artificial intelligence on labor income level and skill income gap from intelligence penetration and boundary extension，and does empirical tests through China's industrial panel data from 2003 to 2020The results show that：（1）artificial intelligence has a significant impact on labor income level and skill income gapIn the long run，the development of artificial intelligence can improve the level of labor income and narrow the skill income gap（2）The impact of artificial intelligence on the income level of low skilled labor is significantly greater than that on the income level of high skilled labor（3）Artificial intelligence can increase the labor income level and narrow the skill income gap by improving the employment level of high-skilled and low skilled labor